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Artificial teeth made of pressed ceramics and high-quality alloys Ivocryl are designed to restore the integrity of lost dentition units located on the upper and lower jaw.
The need to develop durable structures with high reflectivity arose due to the disadvantages of metal-based products.
By developing its own color standard, Ivoclar Vivadent can select a tooth color that best matches the natural shade of the patient’s teeth.
About the manufacturer
One of the leading companies in the industry, Ivoclar Vivadent, was founded in Zurich in 1923 and was engaged in the production of artificial dentures made of ceramics.
The high quality of its products, the introduction of the latest technologies, the network structure of the organization and the development of a unified color standard have allowed the company to gain popularity among users.
Today, the company's manufacturing plants are located in Italy, the Netherlands, the USA, Austria, Liechtenstein, and the Philippines, and the company has branches in 25 countries, including the Russian Federation.
Today, the company's activities are aimed at creating materials for the restoration of lost row units, fixed and removable prosthetics.
The total staff of the organization exceeds 3.2 thousand people, about 175 of whom, in cooperation with advanced research centers, continue to search for new materials and advanced technologies.
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A little about the manufacturer
Ivoclar Vivadent began its history in 1923 in Zurich (Germany). In those years, all production was aimed at producing artificial ceramic teeth. Today, the global brand has grown into a leading dental manufacturer with international recognition.
Most of the company's core functions are concentrated in Schaan, Principality of Linchstein. It is from here that dental technicians and dentists in 120 countries around the world receive a wide range of materials and systems for direct restorations , removable and fixed prosthetics.
As a stable network structure, Ivoclar Vivadent has subsidiaries in 25 countries.
More than 3,000 professional employees contribute to the industry to help dentists and dentists experience the latest capabilities and technologies in practice.
Ivoclar Vivadent has the largest research and production center in the field of dentistry. A group of 135 experienced specialists develops comprehensive solutions and works in close collaboration with renowned research organizations.
Ivoclar Vivadent's innovative technologies are the result of technological progress, many years of experience and the development of a company culture that exalts customer value.
One of the main goals of the company is to improve the professionalism of dental specialists. For this reason, Ivoclar Vivadent has opened the ICDE (International Center for Dental Education), which is superior to modern training organizations in the field of continuing education and training.
Specialized educational structures at ICDE enhance the technical knowledge and skills of dentists working with Ivoclar materials and technologies around the world.
Material characteristics
A wide range of shapes and sizes, quick production and installation of crowns, increased wear resistance and no need for lengthy fitting allow dentists to complete the jaw row in 1-2 visits to the dentist.
Prosthetics using Ivoclar Vivadent materials and technologies involves precise manufacturing of structures based on pressing or using computer programs.
This approach ensures the creation of durable natural elements that best match the color and texture of natural elements, allows us to achieve uniformity, ideal smoothness of outer surfaces, and high resistance to cracks and plaque.
The key to the company’s success is the analysis of the structure of natural teeth and the organization of production based on a scientific basis, which made it possible to create a wide range of prosthetic structures.
Important! In addition to having a large selection, the products offered are distinguished by a combination of excellent appearance and functionality that allows you to perform chewing functions for an extended period of time.
Compliance of products with consumer demands is achieved not least through the use of new production methods and the introduction of new materials.
Most often used for the manufacture of company products:
- Metal ceramics obtained on the basis of oxyapatite crystals.
- Pressed ceramics , providing increased strength of the resulting products, made on the basis of zirconium dioxide or lithium disilicate.
- Plastic.
The use of these materials made it possible to provide an important number of properties of finished products:
- the ability to select a color scheme for the product that minimally highlights the restored element;
- high strength values when testing a structure for bending, achieved due to the high homogeneity of the material composition;
- full compliance with the transparency of the enamel on the tooth surface;
- low porosity , which, combined with high surface smoothness, prevents the accumulation of bacterial deposits;
- the possibility of using cementing technology for installation of the finished prosthesis;
- increased wear resistance of products;
- lack of reaction on the part of dentures to the action of food coloring , resulting in no food restrictions;
- reduced size of the crown frame , allowing to minimize preparation procedures.
Structures made from all-pressed ceramics are characterized by high strength indicators, which allows them to be used not only for the production of crowns, but also for the production of removable and fixed prostheses.
Note! Patients who have installed Ivocryl dentures note the absence of allergic reactions, low shrinkage rates, low levels of bite lift, good compatibility of the product with biological tissues, resistance to abrasion and lack of discomfort when using them.
Features of the material
Metal-ceramic restoration, which is based on a metal frame and an external ceramic coating, is quite durable, but cannot fully satisfy aesthetic requirements.
The metal alloy that is the basis of crowns does not reflect light well and does not have the ideal transparency that is inherent in natural enamel. Ivoclar Vivadent has conquered the pinnacle of possibilities in the field of cosmetic dentistry with the launch of the latest press ceramics.
The invention of E.max made it possible to bring the perfection of material for the manufacture of dental structures to a new level, endowing them with perfect aesthetics and durability.
E.max pressed ceramics can be based on lithium disilicate or zirconium dioxide, which gives the finished product a number of quality characteristics:
- full compliance with the type of enamel transparency (4 levels of transparency);
- reduced crown frame, which allows to minimize tooth preparation;
- exemplary level of bending strength;
- wear resistance;
- installation of the finished prosthesis can be carried out using the cementing technique;
- high resistance to cracking and chipping;
- the homogeneity of the material for pressing reaches high levels;
- perfect aesthetic properties;
- stability, preserving all the positive characteristics;
- blanks are presented in a wide range of colors;
- low porosity and increased smoothness, which reduces the formation of bacterial plaque on the restoration site.
E.max all-ceramic designs offer endless possibilities for any clinical presentation. In addition, this ceramic material is ideal for monolithic, seamless restorations.
Depending on the complexity of the case, the specialist selects the appropriate all-ceramic material:
- lateral and frontal group of fragments of the dentofacial row (single restorations) - lithium disilicate;
- large extent of restoration (bridge-like structures of the masticatory department) - zirconium dioxide.
Cad/Cam technologies are used to produce ceramic crowns and all-ceramic bridges from Ivoclar materials. These are computer-aided restoration design systems using computer programs.
Dental practice statistics show that innovative milled dental restoration allows for durable restorations.
The main advantage of Cad/Cam is complete restoration of the functions and aesthetics of the oral bone organ in one visit.
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Indications and contraindications
Of great importance for the normal use of dentures and crowns made of pressed ceramics is the qualifications of the specialist who installs them.
However, an equally important role is played by the correct purpose, taking into account the indications for installation of products:
- Poor appearance of individual units or groups of elements in a row.
- The presence of lesions of hard structures that have a non-carious etiology.
- Accelerated wear of enamel.
- The need to replace or update previously placed crowns.
- The absence of one or a group of elements in a row.
- The presence of chips or mechanical damage to the teeth in the upper or lower jaw.
- Detection of curvatures of individual elements in a row.
- Refusal to correct detected defects by installing and wearing orthodontic-type structures.
Important! In addition, the restoration procedure using Ivocryl products is prescribed if the patient has increased requirements for the appearance of finished structures and when diagnosing an insufficiently attractive appearance of the frontal group of teeth.
Design disadvantages include the inability to correct row defects using bridge-type structures in the case of a large extent of missing elements and in the lateral areas of the oral cavity.
However, in addition to the disadvantages, there are also a number of contraindications, in the presence of which it is necessary to exclude the installation of Ivocryl products.
Among them (from pressed ceramics) experts include:
- the presence of inflammatory pathologies;
- severe course of the disease, in which there is a decrease in the functions of the protective system and a deterioration in general health;
- the presence of chronic pathologies in the acute stage;
- osteoporosis, which has a pronounced manifestation.
Note! In addition to the listed contraindications, the installation of structures made of all-pressed ceramics should be limited during pregnancy and while breastfeeding.
Using cad/cam
The Cad/Cam automated modeling system provides for the processing of preheated and cooled lithium disilicate workpieces.
After this, the product is processed on a high-precision milling machine using computer-aided design systems, according to the previously obtained scanning parameters of the patient’s oral cavity.
The advantages of this treatment include high reliability and strength.
In addition, detailed scanning of the relief and structural features of the patient’s oral cavity makes it possible to create structures that eliminate the need for further adjustment and fitting.
Dentists consider the main advantage of installing structures made using Cad/Cam technology to be the completion of prosthetics in one visit to the dentist.
Varieties
Existing technologies make it possible to offer patients a choice from a wide range of company products that are most suitable for each client of the clinic.
IPSclassic
The technology allows the production of metal-ceramic structures taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient’s oral cavity.
The uniform distribution of microscopic particles provides good modeling properties of the material used.
Among the advantages of the models, dentists highlight:
- Economical in terms of the amount of material used.
- High efficiency of products of this group.
- Attractive appearance of the finished product.
Important! In addition, IPSclassic ensures perfect color reproduction of the natural element.
Experts point out that the strength and stability of the characteristics of the product do not change during prolonged firing.
IPSd. Sign
The ceramic mass obtained from fluorapatite raw materials is an accumulation of particles having microscopic dimensions. This allows the production of simple and complex prosthetic designs.
The properties of the raw materials ensure maximum similarity to the indicators of light transmission and wear of natural teeth.
IPSd product line. Sign is distinguished by the ability to implement design solutions in the field of appearance and product features.
The advantages for dentists include stability of technical characteristics, high translucency, brightness and color saturation of products.
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IPS. InLine
Ceramics made from sodium feldspar with a leucite lining have found wide application in the implementation of layering technology.
Among the advantages, experts include ease of selection of colors, hypoallergenicity, and ease of use.
The pressed ceramic product is an all-ceramic crown that can withstand severe chewing loads.
Such teeth can be used to perform seamless and monolithic restorations, and the absence of metal in the composition of the product allows for use in people with allergic reactions.
Products made from all-ceramic material, depending on the purpose of the product, can be made on the basis of:
- zirconium dioxide , in the case of the production of bridge structures for the masticatory region, which have a large extent;
- lithium disilicate , used to make anterior and lateral dentures.
All-ceramic models are distinguished by their accurate reproduction of the anatomical structure of the teeth and have a decent appearance.
Kinds
The ceramic mass of German developers contains microscopic crystals, which makes it possible to produce Ivoclar metal-ceramic prosthesis, which is mainly different from other manufacturers.
There are several types of Ivoclar metal-ceramic structures:
- IPSclassic. Classic metal ceramics, allowing you to do work individually with additions.
The material has excellent modeling properties due to a balanced distribution of microscopic particle sizes.Stability and strength do not change under the influence of prolonged firing. Advantages - efficiency, increased aesthetics, cost-effectiveness, optimal color matching.
- IPSd. Sign . The material is suitable for simple and complex restorations.
Fluorapatite glass-ceramic raw materials are as similar as possible to the properties of natural units, including optical properties and the degree of abrasion similar to the protective layer of natural bone organs.Well-thought-out IPSd concept. Sign allows you to expand your design and aesthetic possibilities. Advantages: high translucency, shade saturation, brightness, stable shape.
- IPS . InLine . Leucite veneering ceramic material used in the classic layering procedure. Advantages: easy to match color, excellent restoration efficiency, quick results.
A real breakthrough in prosthetics was the all-ceramic dental crown from the Ivoclar brand. This product is made from pressed ceramics, which is highly durable.
Despite the absence of a metal frame, the crown is able to withstand significant chewing forces. Moreover, the frameless system is ideal for patients suffering from allergic reactions to metal.
The all-ceramic model accurately conveys the anatomical features of the tooth structure and fully meets the patient’s aesthetic requirements.
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Visual properties
To create teeth that perfectly convey the shade of the elements of the patient's oral cavity, the company created a standard, which is the Chromascop / Ivocryl color scale.
The scale contains 16–20 standards, with each sample classified as gray, orange-gray, yellow or brown.
Ultra-light tones used in the restoration of bleached teeth, in the amount of 4 items, are located in a separate standard.
Important! To determine the shade, the dentist compares the template with the color of the natural unit, establishing a correspondence between them.
Ivocryl ceramics, due to the content of small fluorapatite particles, has a crystalline structure that should be as close as possible to the characteristics of natural teeth.
The type of composition and crystal lattice used determines the translucency, opalescence and light transmittance of the finished structures.
Aspects of shade selection
Determination of compliance when choosing a shade is carried out when the room is illuminated with daylight or the flux intensity is ensured at a level of 5500°K.
Of great importance is chromaticity, which is responsible for the purity of the resulting shade, and brightness, which determines the relationship between light and dark tones of the spectrum.
An important distinctive feature of Ivocryl products is the ability to obtain any tone from ceramic materials, which allows you to maximally convey the color of natural teeth.
When choosing the shade of the prosthesis, the dentist takes into account the background of the oral cavity and the shade of the tissues surrounding the tooth.
It is best to use a gum holder for this purpose, in which the template to be compared is placed, so that the dentist has the opportunity to select a sample that best matches the parameters of the patient’s oral cavity.
Rules for choosing a shade
When determining the shade of restoration before starting prosthetics, the dentist must take into account a number of properties:
- color (an important component of shade);
- brightness value (determines the intensity of a dark or light color);
- chromaticity (responsible for the purity of tone).
Brightness parameters deserve special attention, since if a product differs in brightness from neighboring units, it will be visually striking during a conversation or laughter.
Ceramic materials are created in such a way that they make it possible to express even the most complex shades of bone organs and the specific visual characteristics.
When choosing the color of the future prosthesis, the specialist focuses on the color of the periodontal tissues and other influencing factors, for example, the background of the oral environment. To avoid errors in selection, it is better to use a gray background of the blanks.
Often, specialists use a special gum holder that normalizes the visual perception of tone when assessing each shade template. Samples with such devices have a background that is as close as possible to the color of the gum tissue.
After determining the shade, the template is placed in the gum holder . In this way, the identity of the sample with soft structures is verified. To objectively assess the correspondence of the sample to the brightness of the tooth, it is advisable to take a photograph with several shades at once.
The color characteristics of the dental materials used in the process of forming the product also affect the determination of the shade of the prosthetics.
The importance of photographic documentation
Taking a photograph is one of the important steps performed at the stage of determining color matching. Color parameters that cannot be detected by the eye can be provided by comparing the tone of natural teeth with the shade of products obtained in the laboratory.
When taking photographs, the digital camera lens should be positioned parallel to the selected template and the natural tooth. After the image reaches the computer, the operator analyzes the parameters, trying to eliminate graphic inaccuracies.
Then, using a graphic editor, the image parameters are calibrated relative to the background.
The available contrast change function allows you to detect the presence of differences in this indicator and evaluate the texture of the relief.
The information obtained is converted into a specific model, which is compared with the capabilities of each of the listed types of ceramic products.
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Photo documentation
It is important to supplement the stage of selecting the optimal shade of restoration with photographic documentation. The important color parameters are detailed by comparing the shade of natural units with samples created in a laboratory environment.
In addition, a digital image is a connecting link that has a beneficial effect on the fruitful work of all specialists involved in prosthetics.
Photography is carried out in accordance with the rules:
- The sensor of the digital device must be placed parallel to the natural unit and the color template;
- On a computer, a specialist analyzes all the characteristics of the teeth;
- in order to minimize graphic errors, preliminary calibration of photo indicators relative to the background is carried out (the procedure is carried out using Photoshop);
- The contrast adjustment function allows you to evaluate the texture of the relief and differences in brightness.
The specialist converts all the information received into a color image, which is subsequently compared with the capabilities of the ceramic type.
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conclusions
The continuous production of high-quality products has firmly established the company's position in the global market.
Creating your own color scale and conducting photo documentation allows you to select the shade of the manufactured units that best matches the natural tone.
The technologies and materials used make it possible to create a high-strength element that has maximum external resemblance to the natural teeth of each patient.
Despite this, Ivoclar Vivadent continues research aimed at improving existing technologies and searching for new materials.
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