Why a child has no teeth: 5 main reasons for late teething in infants. Scheme and order of eruption of baby teeth in children by month: description, photo

Find out when your child's first teeth should grow. And why sometimes children have no teeth a year.

All mothers are excitedly waiting for the baby to finally have his first teeth. In addition, there are plenty of reasons to worry, because the process of teething often occurs with discomfort. The baby experiences increased salivation, worsening mood, fever, diarrhea, and discomfort.

But what follows is not about the symptoms, but about why children develop teeth later than the rest of their peers. We will also find out when children's primary and permanent teeth should appear.

When does a child cut his first tooth?

According to pediatricians, the timing of teething is individual for each baby. In some children they appear at 2-3 months, while in others at 9 months or a year. Oddly enough, this phenomenon is considered the norm. The main thing is that by the time your daughter or son reaches the age of three, she already has 20 baby teeth in her mouth.

Every mother should prepare both mentally and physically for such a responsible task.

• You will have to be patient with your child's whims. Surround your child with affection, care, love.
• Do daily cleaning, keep toys clean, and also maintain your and your child’s hygiene. After all, babies during such a period often put everything in their mouths; your task is to prevent the child from catching an intestinal infection.
• To make teething easier, you can buy special teethers (gum massagers). They have an anti-pain effect.
• Special gels are good for gum pain relief. Just don’t think that they help teething. They only relieve inflammation, relieve some pain and soothe irritated gums.
• If a child's temperature rises above 38, then visit a pediatrician. The cause of elevated temperature can be not only teething, but also various diseases.

IMPORTANT: Before using gels to soothe gums during tooth growth, consult with your pediatrician which drug is best to use.

If a new tooth does not grow in place of a baby tooth

The loss of baby teeth, as well as their appearance, does not occur simultaneously, but in accordance with the development of the jaws and the growth of permanent replacement. The concept of a protracted renewal is quite relative, because for some the radical will show itself in a week, and for others in a month or two. And in the second case, we are not always talking about deviation.

Often baby teeth are “pushed out” by molars, which almost immediately make their way out, but if a child’s tooth falls out and a new one does not grow and is not visible, you need to wait a few weeks.

Reasons to see a doctor:

• lack of replacement 2-3 months after the loss of a baby tooth;
• swelling and redness of the gums, pain without signs of germination of a molar;
• sequential loss of other teeth without the appearance of new ones.

Reasons why a child’s tooth does not grow for a long time:

• Infectious diseases, including past ones.
• Lack of calcium in the body.
• Oral diseases.
• Mechanical injuries.

A child’s tooth has fallen out and is not growing, but the situation does not correspond to the reasons indicated? Perhaps the delay is provoked by poor ecology, incorrect or poor-quality diet, stressful situations, or even genetic preconditions.

Why a one-year-old child has no teeth: reasons

Vitamin D and calcium have virtually no effect on the timing of the appearance of the first teeth. These factors have a greater impact on the quality of teeth and enamel. The reasons why a baby has no teeth at one year can be:

• genetic factors, if the parents had late teeth, then their baby is also likely to have the same problem
• oddly enough, even climatic conditions can influence this process; in a warm climate zone, children’s teeth grow better
• a lot depends on the quality of water, nutrition
• Severe infectious diseases negatively affect the rate of tooth growth
• lack of vitamins and calcium can slow down this effect

If at the age of one and a half years the baby does not have a single tooth, then he needs to undergo a comprehensive examination. Sometimes teeth do not grow due to pathology - adentia .

Late teeth in children - a problem or the norm?

We have already described in detail what a child’s first teeth are in the article “A Child’s First Teeth – Joy and Responsibility”, what complications there may be during this period of the baby’s development, on a separate page of the site we provide a visual aid on how children’s teeth come in, a photo and a growth chart milk teeth.

In special medical articles, our dentists provide advice and recommendations on how to make this time easier for your baby, how to properly care for the mouth and first teeth (“A pediatric dentist is a must-have best friend from an early age”). Separately, we also focused on the question: what time do children start teething? We repeat - this process is very individual and depends on many factors: heredity, the mother’s lifestyle and nutrition during pregnancy, the baby’s nutrition and the individual characteristics of his body.

Timing of teething in children

Sometimes children are already born with one or more teeth (on average, 1 case per 2-2.5 thousand babies). There is nothing wrong with this, just like with the very early eruption of baby teeth - before 3 months. Parents are even more concerned about late teething in children under one year old. We would like to point out that this is a completely normal condition. The generally accepted standard is 5-7 months - this is the average age of appearance of baby teeth. But the first teeth can appear at 9, 10, 11 months. This is especially true for babies who were born prematurely. And in very premature babies, their first teeth can be delayed even up to 15-18 months. And there's nothing wrong with that. It’s just that when the time comes, the teeth will appear, and, as a rule, by the age of three, such children have a full set of milk teeth, catch up with their peers in all other indicators.

It was previously believed that late teeth in children were often a consequence of rickets and anemia, but modern research has shown that this is not the case. Of course, a lack of calcium and microelements also affects the dental system, but the timing of teething in children is a genetically determined feature of the body. Just like the wrong order of appearance of baby teeth. Even if there are gaps in the dentition, before the eruption of a full set of baby teeth, this is not considered a pathology.

If your child is 10 months old and has no teeth , don’t worry. See our dentist - he will dispel your doubts. But if at the age of 3-4 years the baby is missing several milk teeth, consult an orthodontist at the Utkinzub clinic, who will find out the cause of the pathology and determine measures to avoid such problems with permanent teeth.

What to do if a child does not have a single tooth in one year?

Previously, it was considered a deviation from the norm if a baby does not have a single tooth per year. Doctors first of all suspected that the baby had anemia or rickets. This version has now been refuted. Studies have shown that many children start teething at 1-1.2 years of age. However, parents should not be careless and just wait for the process to manifest itself. When your child turns 1 year old, be sure to tell your pediatrician about the problem that has arisen.

He, in turn, should establish the reason for the delay in tooth growth. If it is heredity, he will tell you when to come back for an appointment. He will prescribe the use of vitamins necessary for teeth growth and advise on how to feed the baby correctly. If not, he will send you for tests or to a dentist. You may be asked to do:

• biochemical tests of urine, blood
• ultrasound examination of organs
• check your thyroid gland

IMPORTANT: To exclude a disease such as adentia, the dentist will order an x-ray of the lower jaw. If the diagnosis is confirmed (there are no teeth rudiments), then after a while dentures are installed. However, do not get upset right away - this pathology is extremely rare.

How many baby teeth should a child have?

Above we looked at when the first teeth can erupt. Based on this, it is clear that all monthly data on dental growth are approximate. After all, some children don’t get their first tooth until they are one year old, or even later.

According to the rules, the first incisors can appear at 6-8 months. And by the age of two and a half, the baby should have grown 20 baby teeth. The remaining indigenous 10-12 grow up to 32 years. The latest ones are wisdom teeth, they are the ones that cause us a lot of trouble with their appearance.

IMPORTANT: For some people, the norm is 28-30 teeth, the remaining 4 never appear.

How many teeth should a child have at 6-7 months?

During this period, the child sometimes develops lower and upper central incisors - 2-4 teeth. Signs of the appearance of incisors, however, like other baby teeth, can be:

• cough, runny nose
• elevated temperature
• swelling of the gums
• diarrhea, vomiting, constipation
• drowsiness, tearfulness
• diathesis

However, all these symptoms disappear after 2-7 days, when the gum inflammation subsides.

How many teeth should a child have at 10-11 months?

Your baby has already grown up, at 10-11 months, he knows his loved ones very well and begins to be shy about strangers. He crawls with more confidence now. Begins to overcome various obstacles. He likes to study, explore the new world, climb on and off the soft sofa on his own. In addition, he gains 2 more upper lateral incisors, so in total the baby already has 6, and sometimes 8 teeth. You need to take proper care of them.

• Do not accustom your child to sweets; give such treats to your baby in moderation to avoid tooth decay.
• Give water after meals.
• Try not to put your baby's spoon in your mouth to avoid transferring harmful bacteria.
• Keep the pacifier clean.

IMPORTANT: If your child’s teeth grow in the wrong order, they are of an unusual color, or there is an unpleasant odor from the oral cavity, then contact your pediatric dentist.

Problems when changing bites

Sometimes a situation arises that a child “grows a tooth under a tooth” - the permanent one has already appeared above the gum, and the temporary one is firmly held in its place. This happens when the resorption process of one or more milky roots is disrupted. This is also a reason to contact pediatric dentistry - after all, no one can say in how many days a loose baby tooth will fall out, and its “stubbornness” leads to the dystopia of a permanent one.

Dental doctors remove even such semi-loose teeth with anesthesia, so as not to cause discomfort to children. Only a specialist can decide what to do when changing the bite. Regular monitoring by the dentist during such an important period will help to avoid the formation of an abnormal relationship of the dentition, which will require further treatment by an orthodontist.

If a child’s baby tooth is loose, then you shouldn’t guess how long it will take for it to fall out; it’s better to consult a doctor without delay for qualified advice.

At the Shifa clinic, children are treated with modern equipment using the latest materials. The center has all the conditions for an accurate diagnosis of the condition of primary and permanent dentition, and this is the key to correct medical tactics. The dentists of the Shifa clinic find an approach to every child and master the most advanced methods of assistance, constantly improving their professionalism in Russia and abroad. Contact the best doctors who will help solve any dental problem!

How many teeth should a child have per year?

According to the formula for calculating the number of teeth, at 12-13 months the baby should already have 8 teeth. 4 on top, 4 on bottom. The formula looks like this:

Ν = Κ - 4, where Ν is the number of teeth; Κ is the baby’s age in months, and 4 is a constant value .

IMPORTANT: This is the year you will need to go to the dentist with your daughter or son for the first time, even if the child has no reason to worry about the health of the mouth and teeth.

Pathological causes of delay

If a child’s teeth have fallen out and new molars do not grow for a long time, the reasons for the delay should be sought in pathologies:

• Retention is a complete or partial delay in eruption. Partial retention is observed when the crown of a molar tooth appears in the socket of a milk tooth, but growth stops there. Often the cause is early loss of a baby tooth, accidental or surgical. That is, a replacement for him has not yet been formed.
• Adentia – absence of teeth. This rare problem is common in older people, but can also occur in children. As a rule, it is triggered by taking strong medications during pregnancy.

How many teeth should a child have at 1.5 - 2 years old?

Having reached 1.5 years of age, a child may have only 4 teeth, although according to the above formula he should have 13-14 teeth. It’s okay - this is considered the norm; in such cases, dentists advise giving the baby hard cheese to chew to stimulate their growth.

Already at this age, your baby should be taught to take care of the oral cavity. Use your example to show how you brush your teeth. Give your child a toothbrush and let him repeat the movements after you, only without the toothpaste.

How many teeth should a child have at 2.5 years old?

At 2.5 years old it is considered normal if your child already has 20 teeth. Moreover, these baby teeth last up to 5-6 years. There are various atypical situations; if they arise, you need to visit an orthodontist or dentist.

1. Very early appearance of teeth sometimes indicates the presence of pathologies in the endocrine system.
2. Late growth of teeth is caused by genetic factors, diseases of infectious origin, the presence of rickets, and disruption of the gastrointestinal tract.
3. Incorrect position of the incisor, unusual, damaged appearance of the tooth indicates violations of the bone component, incorrect location of the axis of the incisor.

Over 1 year old

At one year of age, children, as a rule, already have eight full milk teeth in their mouths. This age limit is the optimal time to visit the dentist. The doctor will evaluate the condition of the oral cavity and help prevent problems.

At the age of 1.5-2 years, a child can have from 4 to 14 teeth. We must begin to accustom him to oral hygiene, showing him how cleaning is done by example. By the age of 2.5 years, children, as a rule, acquire two dozen milk teeth, which serve them until the age of 5-6 years. A visit to the dentist or orthodontist may be necessary if:

• premature development of the jaws, which is facilitated by endocrine dysfunction;
• growth retardation, often caused by rickets, digestive problems, infections and genetic inheritance;
• incorrect position of the incisors, indicating deeper bone disorders.

Until the age of six, the number of teeth remains the same - about 20. At this time, you need to continue to develop in the child a love of oral hygiene, wean him from finger sucking and nail biting.

The first replacement of baby teeth with molars begins at 6-8 years of age. By the age of 14-15, the jaws are completely renewed.

Diagram of teeth in a 3 year old child

Let us now summarize when and in what order the upper and lower primary teeth appear.

1. The lower two central incisors appear at 6-10 months of age
2. The upper two incisors usually grow in 8-12 months
3. The upper two lateral incisors will appear at 9-13 months
4. The two lateral incisors from below grow in 10-16 months
5. The two upper molars will grow in at 13-19 months
6. Two lower molars will appear at 14-18 months
7. The upper canines usually grow in between 16 and 22 months.
8. The lower two canines will erupt in 17-23 months
9. The lower two second molars grow in at 23-31 months
10. The upper two second molars grow at 25-33 months

Thus, by the age of three, the baby should already have 20 milk teeth.

How many teeth should a child have at 4 years old?

In children of 4 years of age, the number of teeth remains the same as at 3 years of age, that is, 20 milk teeth. Interdental spaces may already appear. Parents should wean their children from bad habits that can cause the growth of crooked permanent teeth.

At this age, you should give up the pacifier, do not allow the child to suck fingers, etc. If any problems arise, take your child to the dentist.

Timing of teething

The wait is especially long after the removal of chewing temporary teeth, which are usually the first to suffer from caries and its complications. Often, parents frivolously insist on removing molar baby teeth, blithely declaring: permanent ones will grow in!

But the process of changing bites develops according to strict laws. Follicles (buds) of temporary and permanent teeth are located in two rows in each jaw of a newborn, going through successive stages of formation and mineralization before eruption. It is impossible to speed up these stages by any means.

The milky roots gradually dissolve, and permanent follicles are pushed out in their place by the coronal part. And only after the formation is completed, permanent teeth appear above the surface of the gum. The first to erupt is the so-called “sixth tooth” - the first molar, which parents often mistake for temporary, and therefore do not treat its carious lesions. This tooth has an important function - it determines the height of the permanent bite and the place of the other “brothers” in the dentition.

We give approximate dates for the appearance of permanent teeth to make it easier for parents to navigate the normality of the change process:

• first incisor - 6-7 years;
• second incisor - 7-8 years;
• fang - 9-11 years;
• first small root - 8-10 years;
• second small root - 11-12 years;
• first major molar - 6 years;
• second major molar - 13-14 years.

Small molars replace primary chewing teeth. If a temporary tooth was removed at the age of 6-7 years, which is not uncommon, then the child is deprived of the ability to fully chew food for as long as 5-6 years. Therefore, it is so important to promptly treat caries of milk precursors.

How many teeth should a child have at 6-8 years old?

Already at the age of 6 years, future schoolchildren begin to lose milk teeth and grow permanent ones instead. This process lasts several years, gradually. First, the lower front incisors change, the permanent ones appear instead, then the upper ones. It is during these two years that the 4 front incisors will change.

IMPORTANT: Teeth need care, to avoid the well-known caries, buy your child toothpaste with fluoride, let him brush his teeth 2 times a day.

How many teeth should a child have at 14 years old?

• Teenagers of this age have already lost their baby teeth, but their permanent teeth are about to grow in. In total, there should be 28 of them available.
• Sometimes the growth process drags on for up to 15 years. But wisdom teeth never grow back. At the age of 14, unfortunately, 28% of adolescents have dental anomalies.
• Either they grow crookedly and sideways, or they protrude from the general row of teeth. You cannot cope with such problems on your own. Please note that already at this age the correct taste is formed.
• To solve the problem, visit an orthodontist. The sooner you go to him, the easier it will be to resolve this unpleasant situation.

How to eliminate teething problems?

To ensure that your baby does not have any disorders, it is important to think about the future newborn even when planning a pregnancy. Therefore, prepare for this systematically.

• Treat your teeth in advance, eat right, take vitamins, and do not limit yourself in consuming foods rich in calcium.
• Get outside more often, make sure you have normal hemoglobin.
• Do not drink strong drinks or smoke under any circumstances.
• Do not self-medicate, do not take medications that your doctor has not prescribed to you.

After childbirth:

• Make sure your baby gets adequate nutrition
• strengthen your baby, take daily walks
• Contact your pediatrician promptly if you notice any changes in your child’s health.
• take care of your child's hygiene

IMPORTANT: Monitor your baby’s immune system as a whole. Diseases may cause teething problems.

Adentia - symptoms and treatment

Complications of adentia are psychosocial, neurological, dental, and sometimes systemic in nature.

In the complete absence of teeth, atrophy of the alveolar processes occurs first. This leads to a violation of the aesthetics of the smile, as a result of which people with this disease develop psychological problems.

Why does bone tissue decrease in the absence of teeth?

When teeth are lost, the chewing load is transferred to the mucous tissue and bone support of the gums. Due to the load, the blood supply to this part of the masticatory apparatus is disrupted, venous stagnation occurs and vascular tone decreases. Redistribution of pressure also leads to the activation of osteoclasts (cells that destroy bone tissue) and damage to cancellous bone.

When there is edentulism in one jaw, the antagonizing (opposite) teeth in the dentition are crowded or piled on top of each other. In this case, individual teeth are located outside the dentition or are impacted.[2]

Changes are observed in the composition of oral fluid.[19] These disorders create favorable conditions for the occurrence of diseases of the dental system, which, at times, the body’s adaptive mechanisms are no longer able to cope with:

• the rate of saliva secretion decreases;
• the reaction of the environment changes;
• the amount of protein in the oral fluid decreases;
• indicators of antibacterial and antiradical protection change.

In 100% of cases of secondary adentia, macroglossia occurs over time, i.e., enlargement of the tongue: its microvascular bed undergoes changes.[20]

The periodontium of the remaining teeth experiences functional overload, in particular, the endurance of the periodontium of the teeth limiting the defect decreases.[23] This leads to the formation of pathological bone pockets, atrophy of the dental alveoli and localized gingivitis.

Violation of the closure of the dentition causes pathological changes in the structure of the temporomandibular joint: the movements of the articular heads are limited, the histological structure of the tissues changes.

The mutual influence of the structures of the masticatory apparatus creates the prerequisites for the formation of neurological phenomena. One of the most diverse manifestations is Costen's syndrome. It may be accompanied by:

• pain, mainly in the parotid region;
• congestion in the ear and hearing loss;
• dizziness;
• violation of taste sensitivity.

Due to the lack of chewing teeth and insufficient mechanical processing of food, disorders associated with digestion are formed - gastritis, colitis, stomach ulcers.[22]

With all this, experience shows that increasing the medical literacy of the population reduces the number of cases of possible complications, which obviously leads to an increase in the level of dental health of the population.[27]