July 18, 2011
Fluoride is found in water, foods, and even soil in the form of minerals called fluorite and fluorapatite. However, most often a person encounters industrially produced fluoride compounds, which are added to a variety of products to protect teeth.
However, fluoride doesn't just save teeth. Fluorine compounds are included in some blood substitutes because they are harmless to the body and have a good ability to dissolve oxygen and other gases. Other organofluorine compounds are found in artificial heart valves.
Why is it needed?
The main role of fluoride in maintaining human health is maintaining the health of tooth enamel
and
preventing caries
.
Bacteria that live in the mouth feed on sugars in food and produce acid that erodes enamel. Fluoride prevents this destruction by preserving minerals in the enamel. It is able to accumulate in already damaged areas of enamel and strengthens it - this process is called remineralization
. Together with calcium and phosphorus, fluoride also protects bones from the development of osteoporosis. Fluoride also helps the body absorb iron.
Excess fluoride
Causes of excess fluoride
- high fluoride content in drinking water may be present in relevant geochemical provinces, or near relevant industries (aluminum)
- overdose of fluoride preparations
- work in hazardous working conditions
- metabolic disorder
Consequences of excess fluoride
- violation of fat and carbohydrate metabolism
- osteoporosis, osteomalacia, bone spur formation
- calcification of tendons and ligaments
- the appearance of stains on teeth, destruction of tooth enamel
- hemorrhages in the mucous membranes of the mouth and nose
- dry suffocating cough, loss of voice
- bradycardia, decreased blood pressure.
- itching of the skin, irritation and desquamation of the epidermis
As it turns out?
Fluoride can enter the body through topical use
of toothpastes, rinses and special dental preparations containing it.
They are applied directly to the teeth and are actively absorbed by the enamel. It is especially important to use such drugs in young children – during the period of growth and formation of permanent teeth. They are also needed by adults - with the development of caries, smokers, lovers of sweets and those for whom dentists perform dental restoration, as well as implantation of implants or installation of crowns and bridges. But fluoride can also be obtained through food
- from foods rich in it or through
drinking water
. It is absorbed in the digestive tract, enters the bloodstream and is absorbed by the tissues of teeth and bones. People receive most of their fluoride from water and about 20 percent from food.
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What if it's not enough?
The main signs of fluoride deficiency in the body are the active development caries
.
of periodontal disease
appear - inflammation and destruction of the gum tissue around the tooth.
This disease is caused by the activity of harmful microorganisms living in the oral cavity, which is usually suppressed by fluoride. Also, with a lack of fluoride, bone tissue begins to deteriorate - osteoporosis
.
However, if you consume large amounts of fluoride-containing products and products, over time, a change in the color of the enamel may occur - fluorosis
. And in more serious cases, there is a decrease in mobility and pain in the joints - skeletal fluorosis.
Element characteristics
Fluorine is a chemical with a pungent odor and a strong oxidizing agent, like all halogens. Under normal conditions it has the appearance of a light yellow gas. Translated from Greek, its name means “harm,” which reflects the toxic properties of the element. Fluorine is even more harmful than lead.
It accumulates in the ground as a result of volcanic activity. A large amount of fluorine is contained in one of the most popular ornamental minerals - sparkling fluorite, which is also used in metallurgy, optics, the chemical industry and in the manufacture of glazes for ceramic products.
Fluoride is present in many foods, such as onions, fish, lentils, wine, and (in greatest quantities) regular water.
