Vomiting in children and adults: causes, symptoms and treatment

General practitioner (family doctor)

Gutorova

Natalia Konstantinovna

20 years of experience

Doctor

Make an appointment

Vomiting, the spontaneous release of stomach or duodenal contents through the mouth, can have many causes. A single urge, as a rule, does not cause any particular concern and does not require close attention. However, if an adult or child vomits more than once, this is a reason to consult a doctor.

Causes of vomiting

Vomiting almost never happens without a reason: there is always something that provoked it, and there can be many options:

• food poisoning, medicines, drugs, alcohol intoxication;
• allergic reaction to a food product;
• excess food intake;
• infection;
• pregnancy (especially the first trimester);
• disease of the abdominal organs, for example, ulcer, colitis, gastritis, intestinal or stomach tumor, appendicitis, kidney failure, pancreatitis, etc.);
• intestinal obstruction;
• gallbladder pathologies (cholecystitis, hepatitis, dyskinesia, cholelithiasis);
• severe stress;
• disturbances in the functioning of the central nervous system (cerebral circulatory insufficiency, brain tumor, meningitis, mechanical head injury, migraine condition);
• problems with the vestibular apparatus;
• diabetes mellitus of any stage;
• AIDS.

With any of the above factors, standard vomiting may be observed, supplemented by other symptoms:

• abdominal pain;
• vomiting blood;
• vomiting and fever;
• vomiting bile;
• green vomit;
• vomiting, weakness;
• headache;
• heartburn;
• frequent urge to go to the toilet;
• disturbance of mental activity.

How to choose anti-nausea pills for adults

The first thing that is important when choosing drugs is the cause of nausea. These could be poisoning, digestive problems, infectious diseases. In addition, nausea can be a side effect of drugs (for example, when taking chemotherapy) or a consequence of a drug overdose. For each situation, it is necessary to select drugs with a specific mechanism of action:

• If these are viral pathologies of the digestive system, poisoning and microbial pathologies, dopamine receptor blockers may be indicated.
• If it is nausea due to chemotherapy, drugs that have an antagonistic effect on serotonin receptors will be more effective.
• During pregnancy, it is worth fighting nausea using natural herbal ingredients and non-drug remedies.
• For nausea that occurs as a result of motion sickness in various types of transport, including sea transport, antihistamines are indicated.
• Against the background of autonomic reactions and problems with the nervous system, medication intake largely depends on the presence of concomitant conditions and the main diagnosis.

Important ! Anti-nausea medications do not treat the underlying problem, they only suppress the unpleasant symptom, and are usually combined with treatment of the immediate causes of the nausea attack. Without eliminating the cause itself, nausea will occur again and again, and only antiemetics will be ineffective.

When does vomiting require immediate medical attention?

Very often, even vomiting without fever is a reason to call an ambulance as soon as possible. If the patient experiences symptoms such as vomiting blood or a previous injury to the head, spine or abdomen, or if the urge does not stop, call a doctor immediately.

JSC “Medicine” (academician Roitberg’s clinic) has its own emergency department, whose specialists are ready to come to your aid 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. You can call a car by phone.

Treatment options

When talking about the treatment of psychogenic overeating and psychogenic vomiting, it is important to take an integrated approach. The fact is that a long-term disease negatively affects the nature of metabolism in the body of an adult - the extracellular fluid volume is reduced, alkalosis, hypokalemia, nocturia and other life-threatening conditions often develop. Therefore, it is extremely important to approach your treatment program responsibly. To treat psychogenic vomiting, the following is used:

• drug therapy;
• psychotherapy, the purpose of which is to combat obsessive thoughts, reduce anxiety and dull the feeling of nausea;
• diet therapy - the menu is designed in such a way that the patient receives all the necessary nutrients with sufficient calories;
• developing healthy eating habits;
• weight gain under the supervision of a nutritionist and trainer;
• treatment of associated complications.

First aid for vomiting

Despite the fact that medical manipulations should be carried out by a doctor, especially if brown vomiting, white foam vomiting or black vomiting is observed, it is not superfluous to know how to provide first aid to a victim with such a symptom.

• The sick person should be placed in a horizontal position, with a basin or other container placed nearby into which he could vomit if necessary.
• If severe vomiting is accompanied by weakness, then his head should be turned to the side in order to eliminate the possibility that the person will choke on the escaping masses.
• If this is vomiting due to poisoning or for any other reason, it is necessary to rinse your mouth with a disinfectant solution after the contents of the stomach are released.

These manipulations should be performed by calling a specialist.

Features of the disorder

Psychogenic vomiting is a disease that is diagnosed in emotionally unstable people. It is manifested by a feeling of nausea and involuntary release of gastrointestinal contents, which occurs during a period of nervous shock or experience, and goes away on its own as the intensity of the emotion decreases. In other words, these reactions from the gastrointestinal tract have a stable acquired reflex character and are a kind of reaction of the patient’s psyche to the external environment.

Modern medicine has come to the conclusion that the described eating disorder can be diagnosed in any adult, but there is a certain group of people who are most at risk of getting sick:

• adults suffering from certain mental and nervous diseases;
• patients with problems in the gastrointestinal tract;
• women under 40 years of age;
• teenage children.

As with other eating disorders, patients do not realize the seriousness of their condition and do not pay attention to alarming symptoms.

Adult patients neglect treatment and get used to periodic vomiting, considering this process a normal part of the body’s functioning. However, such carelessness leads to serious deterioration in health.

Treatment of vomiting in the clinic of JSC "Medicine" (clinic of academician Roitberg)

Often the symptom goes away on its own. However, if its appearance was dictated by the presence of a serious illness, a visit to a specialist is required. Depending on the cause of vomiting, the diagnosis may be carried out by a general practitioner, pediatrician, gastroenterologist, infectious disease specialist or gynecologist.

An experienced doctor will carry out the required diagnostics, make a diagnosis and draw up the most appropriate treatment plan, first of all prescribing anti-vomiting medication.

JSC “Medicine” (clinic of academician Roitberg) employs the best specialists of the capital and region, conducting diagnostics using the most modern equipment of proven world brands. All this together makes the treatment process quick and as convenient as possible for the patient.

You can make an appointment with a doctor by calling +7 24 hours a day or using the feedback form on the official website of the medical center. The clinic is located in the central district of Moscow at 2nd Tverskoy-Yamskaya lane, building 10, next to the metro stations “Belorusskaya”, “Mayakovskaya”, “Tverskaya”, “Novoslobodskaya”, “Chekhovskaya”.

Features of treatment with medications

First of all, you should understand how to stop vomiting. For this purpose, the doctor prescribes a special anti-vomiting remedy: it can be in the form of injections (if it is absolutely impossible to swallow anything), tablets, syrups.

Since the release of stomach contents can provoke pain, medications are also prescribed to anesthetize the mucous walls of the stomach and relieve spasms. If the symptom is accompanied by diarrhea, then medications that relieve it are prescribed as an additional measure.

Vomiting after alcohol is a separate symptom. It is not stopped in any way, since the main goal is to rid the body of toxic substances. After this, it is necessary to restore the body’s water balance, and therefore it is recommended to drink as much plain water as possible.

Recovery after vomiting

Whatever the cause of the disease, after treatment it is necessary to undergo a recovery process. It includes the following items:

• the patient must remain in bed for some time;
• You should drink liquid often and little by little; for this it is better to alternate plain water, sweet tea and low-fat broth;
• temporarily stop consuming dairy products, as well as coffee, alcohol, citrus fruits, and aspirin-based medications;
• start eating food with light dietary foods: lean meat, bananas, rice, cereals;
• For 2-3 days, completely eliminate spicy, fried, smoked, and fatty foods.

Treating vomiting at home

While at home, you can also try to stop gagging using traditional medicine methods.

• Thus, tea based on mint leaves has an excellent calming effect. This is especially true for vomiting caused by a serious stressful situation. For the same purpose, you can drink 15 drops of mint tincture with water.
• A decoction of dill seeds, which can be purchased at any pharmacy, also has a beneficial effect on the treatment process.
• Lemon juice added to plain water is a great way to get rid of vomiting.
• If this is vomiting during pregnancy, then you should stick to fractional meals. Also an effective remedy during pregnancy is chewing a slice of lemon or simple crackers in the morning without getting out of bed, so it is better to prepare them in the evening.

Little secrets for all patients with a gag reflex

At the doctor’s appointment and at home:

1. If you know you are prone to a gag reflex, do not eat anything 2-3 hours before your dental appointment.
2. Make an appointment for the afternoon. It was noted that in the morning the sensitivity of the reflex was increased.
3. The ability to breathe fully through your nose will greatly reduce the likelihood of a reflex. Use drops or solutions to rinse before use if necessary.
4. Breathe! Breathe! Breathe! At the slightest approach of the reflex, rhythmically inhale through your nose and exhale through your mouth. Just as it is impossible to breathe and swallow at the same time, the gag reflex does not occur simultaneously with breathing.
5. Try humming or humming sounds, this will create a continuous flow of air and prevent the reflex.
6. Retrain the reflex: methodically, day after day, train placing objects (a toothbrush, a teaspoon) in your mouth deeper and deeper. Press them against the palate in the area of ​​the front teeth, gradually moving to the distant areas. On average, two weeks are enough to reduce or completely get rid of the reflex.
7. Retraining or an appointment with a doctor will be easier if you actively distract yourself during the procedure: listen to music, watch TV, take ice in your hands, clench your fist tightly (twist the fig quietly), let your attention switch from one problem area to another. Some people find it helpful to sprinkle a few grains of salt on their tongue before the procedure. Or rinse your mouth with salted water. We need to try all the options!
8. Learn to relax. Talk to the doctor. Find out all the issues that may bother you or cause anxiety. Tell us about your previous treatment experience, when the reflex appeared, and what causes it. A trusting relationship and an understanding of what is happening will help you feel comfortable and the doctor to avoid procedures that are unpleasant for you.

Answers to the most common questions

• I am vomiting and have a fever, what should I do? You should not self-medicate; in this case, it is recommended to see a doctor as soon as possible.
• What does vomiting in the morning mean? It might be worth checking to see if you are pregnant. In all other cases, you should seek medical advice from a doctor.
• White vomit with mucus - what to do? Most likely, the person has recently consumed too much white bread, milk or rice. If there are no other signs of illness, then there is no need to panic.