- What is tartar
- How is tartar formed?
- Types of Tartar
- Symptoms and consequences of tartar
- How to prevent tartar formation
- Methods for removing tartar
- How is tartar removal performed?
- Removing tartar at home
- Side effects from scaling
- Proper brushing of teeth
- Prices for tartar removal in Moscow
What is tartar and what is the cause of the disease. What methods will help eliminate this aesthetic problem. Is it possible to remove formations without resorting to the help of a dentist?
What is tartar
Tartar is a formation that is a keratinized plaque consisting of poorly removed food debris, calcium, phosphorus and iron salts covered with a biofilm of dead bacteria.
You can find fossilized food deposits over the entire surface of the dentition, but most often the concentration is on the lower incisors, closer to the gums and on the sides.
Please note that tartar can penetrate the back wall and inside the gums. It is usually found in hard-to-reach places where it is impossible to remove food debris with a toothbrush.
The benefits and harms of sunflower oil
Sunflower oil contains vitamin D, so it can be given to children from an early age.
The benefits of sunflower oil are obvious. It cleanses blood vessels, strengthens the immune system, and relieves constipation. In general, oil has the ability to cleanse all organs of the gastrointestinal tract. There is an opinion that sunflower oil not only does not contain cholesterol, but also actively removes it from the body.
Sunflower oil contains vitamin E, which is incredibly beneficial for skin and hair. It rejuvenates the body, having antioxidant properties. Vitamin A contained in the oil is also very beneficial for healthy nails, hair and skin. Oil is also beneficial for children. It is recommended to be introduced at a fairly early age. And all because of the vitamin D content it contains, which is extremely necessary for a growing body due to its ability to increase the absorption of calcium.
How is tartar formed?
Food particles attach to tooth enamel. Most often from soft and sticky foods, such as flour products.
Under the influence of saliva, a film of glycoproteins is formed; if you do not rinse or brush your teeth, then after 4 hours streptococci bacteria come into play, and actinomycetes join them. After 2 days, streptococci decrease, but the number of anaerobic bacteria increases. After 7 days, spirochetes and motile rods appear.
Remains of food and the bacteria that multiply on them are gradually covered with a film of saliva, smoothed out and hardened. Tartar grows because new layers are added to existing particles.
Fermentation and metabolism processes occur under dental plaque, during which acids are formed. They weaken tooth enamel so that tooth decay can develop over time.
Tartar can also cause bad breath.
Plaque can eventually turn into tartar through mineralization—minerals from saliva are deposited in plaque and make it very hard.
This is how complications arise; as a result of a neglected condition, you can lose a healthy tooth, but ringed with plaque.
The rate of mineralization varies from person to person. It all depends on the following factors:
- the amount of saliva produced;
- its composition and activity of secretions;
- quality of oral hygiene;
- nutritional characteristics;
- violation of salt exchange in the body;
- wearing dental structures (prostheses);
The predominance of solid foods (raw vegetables) significantly reduces the development of plaque. The products act as a cleaning agent, helping to remove dirt from the enamel. Chewing for a long time releases more saliva, which has an antibacterial effect.
Doctors' recommendations
Doctors have different opinions: some do not recommend turning to traditional or Indian medicine, while others recommend using such methods only as additional oral care. They agree that regular rinsing can help get rid of some diseases, but it is necessary with drug treatment.
Foreign doctors studying the effects of oil rinsing on health note that in the first few days, general health may worsen. The person will feel a headache, mild nausea and dizziness. This is because the cleansing process has begun. This is how the body gets rid of toxins and bacteria.
What modern science says
After eating, many food particles remain between the teeth and on the gums, which leads to disease. A variety of microorganisms live in the mouth and help digest food.
However, there are also those that cause harm. For example, they provoke caries and other various diseases. All this leads to weakened immunity and the development of internal inflammation.
Research by scientists has shown that rinsing will help cope with various pathogenic microbes in the mouth, including Streptococcus mutans, the main bacterium that causes caries.
What does Ayurveda offer?
With daily rinsing, the results will pleasantly surprise you:
- the body is strengthened;
- teeth become healthier;
- the condition of the gums improves;
- Nasal congestion and cough go away;
- skin is cleansed.
Types of Tartar
Fossils on enamel come in different types depending on location. So they distinguish:
- supragingival stones – formed on the first molars (lateral) and front or lower teeth;
- subgingival - hard areas that penetrate soft tissue;
- stone bridge – covering the main and adjacent teeth.
What is oil pulling
The procedure is based on the natural ability of the oil to attract everything that contains fat to some extent. In the case of mouth rinsing, it is a cleansing of tissues: drawing out unnecessary oils and fat-soluble toxins. Where does excess oil come from in your mouth? The fact is that harmful microbes in the oral cavity have a fatty shell; they stick to the oil during the oil pulling process without a chance to remain in your body.
There are no toothbrushes that penetrate such hard-to-reach places; oil can treat any “nooks and crannies” in the mouth.
It is not surprising that this property of the oil was used many centuries ago, in the classics of detox Ayurveda. This is where the concept of “ama” comes from - all the toxins and any filth accumulated in the body. Ama is partially digested food waste that is toxic to the body, which responds with an immune response. The oil pulling procedure is designed to get rid of waste and thereby significantly improve the quality of life.
The human tongue, according to Ayurveda, is associated with many organs (heart, spine, lungs, kidneys, etc.). Oil pulling stimulates salivary enzymes to remove toxins and heavy metals from saliva, directly through the tongue.
Symptoms and consequences of tartar
Patients experience the following symptoms:
- bad breath;
- bleeding gums;
- caries;
- purulent discharge;
- gingivitis;
- pulpitis;
- periodontitis – inflammation of tissue areas near the root of the tooth;
- mobility and tooth loss.
Gingivitis
The initial form of gum disease.
If left untreated, gingivitis can develop into periodontitis, which is a serious, irreversible gum disease and the most common cause of tooth loss in adults.
The main 4 signs of gingivitis:
- Bleeding gums. Healthy gums do not bleed. If blood comes out when using a toothbrush or floss, this may indicate the onset of gingivitis. Even if it happens from time to time. The symptom should not be ignored as it may be a sign of the onset of gum disease.
- Unpleasant smell. There are many reasons for a bad odor: specific foods, poor hygiene, but it can also be the first sign of gingivitis. This is due to the fact that the bacteria that cause gum disease produce an unpleasant odor by breaking down food particles in the mouth.
- Swollen gums. They are usually pink and firm. Redness and swelling may indicate the onset of the disease.
- Receding gums. They begin to separate, and the root of the tooth is exposed, the incisors appear longer. Increased sensitivity is another sign.
A common cause of toothache is inflammation of the dental nerve, called pulpitis. Anyone suffering from this should seek help from a dentist as soon as possible.
Pulpitis
In acute pulpitis, pain usually occurs spontaneously. The pain may be constant or occur periodically. In rare cases, the inflammatory process is completely painless.
If the affected tooth is sensitive to pressure and impact, this is a sign of a dead dental nerve. It hurts when you touch the tongue, but especially when you squeeze it. The pain is often worse at night, as the warmth of the bed increases the inflammatory process. If left untreated, bacteria from the medullary cavity of the tooth can penetrate through the hole at the root tip into the surrounding bone and soft tissue. Accordingly, inflammation spreads, the cheek and lymph nodes swell.
Periodontitis
Periodontal disease is defined as chronic inflammatory disease of the gums. It is mainly caused by bacterial plaque (biofilm, plaque), especially in old age.
As a result of inflammation, your teeth may hurt and your gums may bleed more easily. If left untreated, periodontitis can also lead to tooth loss.
Patients with periodontitis usually show few symptoms at first. However, some signs may indicate the disease:
- bleeding gums;
- red and swollen gums;
- Gum recession;
- open and sensitive necks of teeth;
- putrid odor from the mouth;
- unpleasant taste, especially when pus leaks from the inflamed areas;
- The spaces between the teeth widen;
- loose teeth, misaligned teeth.
Causes of candidiasis in the mouth
Candidiasis is a mycosis that affects the oral mucosa (gums, tongue, palate, inner cheeks). The disease occurs for a number of reasons that are associated with impaired immunity and the creation of favorable conditions for the development of fungal microflora. Before treating oral candidiasis, you need to determine the cause in order to act directly on it.
The main reasons for the development of fungal disease:
- taking antibacterial drugs:
- lack of hygiene;
- pathologies that provoke a decrease in immunity;
- nervous tension, stress;
- poor diet, excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages.
How to prevent tartar formation
By observing good oral hygiene, you can prevent the (re)formation of tartar:
- Brush your teeth thoroughly at least twice a day using a good manual or electric toothbrush and fluoridated toothpaste.
- Clean between teeth once a day using dental floss or interdental brushes.
- With these measures it is possible to prevent the formation of plaque and therefore tartar, as well as to prevent tooth discoloration and decay.
When will the effect appear?
The first improvements become noticeable after about two weeks: gum inflammation disappears, breath becomes fresh, teeth gradually become lighter.
Some people think that using coconut oil will help restore tooth enamel, but there is no scientific evidence to support this. The oil is not a source of minerals, but rather helps prevent the enamel from being destroyed. If you want to restore enamel, use the services of dentists or special remineralizing agents.
Methods for removing tartar
- Physical method. Consists of mechanical destruction of deposits using a dental instrument with a thin tip. Modern medicine uses the Air flow system. Fine particles of soda are applied under high pressure, causing a stream of air containing the powder to knock the fossils off the tooth. A subsequent stream of water washes away the separated particles.
- Chemical method. Allows you to remove formations with the help of compounds that dissolve the basis of tartar - deposits of mineral salts. A composition is applied to the teeth that softens plaque, but does not cause significant harm to the enamel. Then the impurities are removed.
- Ultrasound. Ultrasonic waves do not injure teeth and gums. Contraindicated in patients using a pacemaker.
- Laser. The laser method can be used specifically in dentistry for various procedures. It is one of the most effective and expensive procedures. The laser beam is very thin and can be used precisely. This way, only truly unwanted tissue is destroyed. Healthy tissues are preserved. Local anesthesia is often not required. Laser treatment does not cause noise or vibration like drilling. The virtually painless treatment is especially suitable for anxious patients.
Criteria for choosing a rinse aid
It is necessary to choose a rinse aid carefully - this will help to avoid various misunderstandings in the future. That is why it is recommended that you first make an appointment for a consultation with your doctor to clarify your individual characteristics, because This or that solution is not suitable for everyone. In addition, in order to avoid purchasing a low-quality product, you should ask for the product only in trusted pharmacies.
Of course, daily use of mouthwash can protect you from many problems with teeth and gums. However, we should not forget that the choice of remedy is a rather personal issue that should be resolved with the help of a dentist. Often, an incorrectly selected solution can only aggravate existing diseases or cause banal irritation.
When buying a rinse liquid, you need to look, first of all, at the spectrum of its effects. So, to prevent caries, you should take a product with amino fluoride or sodium fluoride. Antiseptic rinses with a high content of chlorhexidine, triclosan and other substances should not be used for longer than 2-3 weeks. Otherwise, this will lead to disruption of the microflora in the mouth, as a result of which the mucous membrane may dry out and an odor may appear.
For those who have obvious gum problems and chronic gingivitis, liquids with herbal extracts and plant components are perfect. They can be used for quite a long time to achieve maximum effect. Often these are the solutions prescribed by periodontists during the treatment of gum inflammation.
How is tartar removal performed?
At the first stage, the presence or absence of allergies in the patient to drugs will be determined.
Then the degree of sensitivity of the teeth is determined, and an anesthetic is applied as necessary.
The method by which the procedure will be carried out is selected.
For rough tartar removal, an ultrasonic scaler is often used first. This is followed by processing with special hand tools to remove stubborn dirt.
The enamel is cleaned of residual particles of contamination and the doctor begins to polish the teeth so that the surface is completely smooth.
Small irregularities and areas of rougher texture on the teeth are also smoothed out, providing protection against further plaque buildup.
The enamel of the teeth is coated with varnish.
After the work has been done, the dentist will advise how often you should plan to remove tartar.
It should be noted that professional cleaning is only intended to be an addition to daily thorough oral hygiene and should in no way be considered a replacement for brushing your teeth twice daily with fluoride toothpaste.
Reviews about oil pulling
I didn’t know about such a wonderful remedy before. A teacher told me about him at a course she attended. I tried several types of oil and settled on coconut oil. I can’t say that it is a very pleasant procedure. But concern for the health of the body took precedence. And for several months now I have been observing improvements not only in the oral cavity. I had a rash on the skin of my face, after a few approaches it began to go away. Although previously no means, even with the addition of oil, helped.
Yulia, 27 years old
I have been rinsing my mouth with sea buckthorn oil for a month now. In my opinion, it is the best of all! What I noticed: my teeth became whiter, it’s nice to run my tongue over them. In addition, my nails have become significantly stronger. I also began to get sick less often, and the headaches went away. Previously, herpes could appear 2-3 times within a month, but now the lips are finally healing from previous wounds. I often advise my friends to rinse their mouths with oil at least once; I haven’t heard any negative reviews yet.
Natalia, 49 years old
I am delighted! Who would have thought that ordinary oil could do this. My teeth are several shades whiter and my enamel is always smooth. So I recommend this product to everyone!
Maria, 22 years old
I decided to try oil pulling about a year ago. My grandmother gave me advice. At first he refused, but then he decided to do it. I tried different ones. An expensive pleasure, indeed. I didn't have any problems with my teeth. Just wanted to whiten and keep them healthy. I did not expect that in addition to a noticeable improvement in the condition of my teeth, after a few months my psoriasis began to recede. Of course, I attribute this specifically to the rinsing, since I gave up on the disease a long time ago and did not take anything for treatment.
Daniil, 38 years old
Oil pulling is a common practice in Ayurveda. Thanks to daily manipulations, your teeth will become healthier, your breath will be pleasant, and your appearance will be fresh. But before you start rinsing, you need to study the issue from all sides. See if a particular oil is right for you, and be sure to consult with your doctor.
Removing tartar at home
Home remedies for tartar can be useful for removing soft plaque without the help of a dentist.
If there is already a hard coating, then you should definitely seek treatment from a specialist. Trying to pick out deposits on your own will not work. As a result, the enamel will only be damaged. It cannot be restored.
- Vinegar and lemon. The acid contained in vinegar and lemon acts against tartar. However, the taste is unpleasant, and the acid has an aggressive effect on tooth enamel. These home remedies should be used no more than once a month.
- Baking powder. The crystals found in baking powder and baking soda act like sandpaper and remove unwanted coating. Dip your fingertip in baking soda and vigorously rub the affected areas. However, the powder can potentially damage healthy gums and tooth enamel.
- Tea tree oil. Rinse your teeth thoroughly with a solution of 1-2 drops in a glass of warm water.
- Xylitol. Xylitol is a sugar substitute and, as an ingredient in chewing gum, can support oral hygiene. Research shows that xylitol is beneficial for dental health.
- Tincture of myrrh. Has a preventive effect. Brush sensitive areas along the gum line to reduce acid buildup. The liquid is also used for gum inflammation caused by tartar or its removal.
- Coconut oil and olive oil. Take one or two tablespoons of natural oil into your mouth and thoroughly rub the liquid between your teeth for several minutes. You must be careful not to swallow it and then rinse your mouth thoroughly with clean water.
- Sesame seeds. Chewing sesame seeds vigorously provides the body with healthy fats and also helps against the formation of tartar. Apply the well-fertilized seed paste several times to the affected areas of the teeth, using your tongue as a tool to create the necessary friction for grinding.
- Celandine. A good remedy not only for skin diseases, but also helps cleanse teeth of plaque. Prepare a decoction and rinse your mouth without swallowing. The plant contains toxins that can harm the stomach.
- A mixture of lemon juice and black radish. Suitable for treatment and preventive measures. Apply to teeth, then rinse with warm water. You cannot clean with a brush after acidic juice, because it softens not only the stones, but also the enamel. You need to wait 30 minutes.
- Decoction of burdock and green beans. Burdock can be picked locally or purchased dry crushed leaves at the pharmacy. The combination of these plants will help soften the stratum corneum.
- Dental floss. You can use it to thoroughly and permanently clean hard-to-reach spaces between teeth.
What oil should I use?
In traditional Ayurveda, sesame oil has been used for thousands of years; in African countries, sunflower oil is preferred, and in America, coconut oil is preferred. Which of these three to use is up to you; focus on personal preferences. But remember that the oil must be organic, unrefined and cold pressed. It is also believed that, due to the content of lauric acid, coconut oil has strong anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, that is, it kills bacteria, viruses and yeast infections. Oils can also be rotated - use one or the other in cycles.
And for an additional therapeutic effect, add one or two drops of organic essential oil to the vegetable oil, always (!) intended for oral administration. Alternatively, use eucalyptus oil - among its properties are antiseptic and expectorant, as well as the ability to heal the respiratory system.
Side effects from scaling
These effects can appear after professional removal and when using folk remedies.
- Uncomfortable sensitivity from ultrasound: Some patients are sensitive to pain from ultrasound because the dental nerve or gums may be irritated. In addition, some people are bothered by accompanying sounds.
- Temperature Sensitivity: Once plaque is removed, teeth may be more sensitive to stimuli such as cold or heat. This is because tartar protects the tooth from these irritants. After removal, he first needs to get used to the intensity of the stimuli.
- Loose teeth: If you begin to notice loose teeth after tartar removal, especially the incisors, this may be a sign of periodontitis, which was previously unrecognized because the tartar was holding the teeth together. Depending on the severity of periodontitis, the dentist treats the bacterial infection of the periodontium with medications.
Why choose coconut oil?
For such purposes, you can use a variety of oils, for example, lemon, tea tree, sesame or even sunflower oil. But coconut oil has a number of additional beneficial properties and a rather pleasant taste. This oil contains lauric acid, which has antimicrobial properties. The substance prevents the spread of viruses, pathogenic bacteria and fungi.
At the same time, doctors advise not to get carried away with folk remedies, but to use special mouth rinses, which have a more pronounced antiseptic effect, help relieve inflammation and reduce pain.
Proper brushing of teeth to remove plaque
Bass technique has been developed to remove food debris from the gum area. It is performed according to the following algorithm:
- Apply paste to brush
- Rinse your mouth with water
- Position the brush parallel to the teeth
- Slightly tilt the brush approximately 45 degrees.
- Move the device without pressing
- Then move in a circle, trying to get the bristles between the teeth
- Go over the entire jaw 15-20 times
- Move in a circular motion along the side teeth
- Do not ignore your tongue; 80% of pollution accumulates on it.
- Remove plaque from tongue
- There are brushes with a rough or bumpy back wall, specially made for cleaning this organ.
- After the outer part is completed, it is necessary to move on to the back wall of the incisors and molars. To do this, the brush is placed vertically with its bristles.
- It is recommended to carry out the procedure near a mirror to see the correctness of your actions.
As you can see, problems in the oral cavity and teeth occur in most cases due to non-compliance with hygiene rules.
Residues of food and the accumulation of bacteria on them create a plaque that hardens over time and cannot be removed by regular cleaning.
This is not only an aesthetic defect, but also serves as the basis for the development of dangerous diseases.
Brushing your teeth twice a day and regular dental check-ups will help reduce the risk of formations.
Features of the procedure
You can rinse your mouth with any oil, although doctors recommend alternating. A few days one way (for example, cold pressed), then another.
Rinse steps:
- In the morning on an empty stomach, before you are going to brush your teeth, prepare 2-3 tsp. the product you have chosen.
- Roll it in your mouth from side to side for up to 20 minutes. During this time, all microbes die.
- As a result, you should get twice as much oil. In addition, it will change color and become more viscous.
- Afterwards, rinse your mouth with water and brush your teeth with toothpaste as usual.
When you first use it, you will not be able to keep the oil in your mouth for the required 20 minutes. Start small and increase the time gradually. When you reach 20 minutes, stop, this is the maximum duration. Otherwise, all the toxins that the product has absorbed will begin to be absorbed again, and the procedure will be useless.
The most important thing is not to swallow the oil, otherwise bacteria will enter the stomach and cause harm.
Gargling
Oil irrigation helps get rid of many ailments. If you rinse your mouth and throat every 30 minutes, you can be free from pain in one day. Plus, it helps get rid of purulent sore throat and remove plaque from the tonsils.
The process is quite simple:
- Place as much oil in your mouth as possible. But the volume should be comfortable.
- Hold the product for 1-3 minutes and start gargling.
- Then spit out the contents and rinse your mouth with boiled water.
Prices for tartar removal in Moscow
Removal of dental plaque (1 tooth) | 150 rub. |
Ultrasonic cleaning (1 jaw) | 2000 rub. |
Comprehensive professional preventive oral hygiene (including ultrasonic cleaning, Air Flow, polishing and fluoridation) | 5500 rub. |
Polishing 1 tooth with abrasive paste | 500 rub. |
Local enrichment of the 1st tooth with fluoride | 300 rub. |
Fluoridation (1 jaw) | 2000 rub. |
Air-flow (1 tooth) | 250 rub. |
Air-flow (1 jaw) | 2000 rub. |
Clinical researches
A study of the clinical effectiveness of therapeutic and prophylactic products of the Asepta line in the treatment of inflammatory periodontal diseases, carried out in the department of periodontology of the Central Research Institute of Dental Diseases and Maxillofacial Surgery of Rosmedtekhnologii (Moscow), revealed the high effectiveness of the Asepta gum balm and the Asepta mouth rinse for periodontitis. moderate severity. Asepta gum gel also turned out to be effective.
The use of Asepta mouth rinse turned out to be quite effective. In addition, no phenomena of mucosal irritation or brown staining of fillings were recorded. This indicates that the use of this rinse for a two-week period provides an obvious clinical effect in the absence of negative side effects.
Symptoms of pharyngitis
The symptoms of pharyngitis (acute and chronic) are similar to each other, but there are still slight differences:
Acute pharyngitis
- dryness and sore throat;
- pain when swallowing;
- less often – general malaise, increased body temperature;
- possible irradiation of pain to the ears.
Chronic pharyngitis
- dryness, sore throat;
- sensation of a lump in the throat, which makes you want to cough;
- dry cough.
Why is pharyngitis dangerous?
Untimely treatment of pharyngitis is dangerous because the disease becomes chronic and has serious complications, including sinusitis, sinusitis, otitis media, kidney inflammation (glomerulonephritis), etc. But the most dangerous possible consequences are rheumatic lesions of the heart and joints.
1 Diagnosis of pharyngitis in MedicCity
2 Diagnosis of pharyngitis in MedicCity
3 Diagnosis of pharyngitis in MedicCity
Treatment of pharyngitis should be carried out only under the supervision of an ENT doctor! Acute pharyngitis may be the first manifestation of infectious diseases (measles, rubella, scarlet fever), requiring a different treatment regimen than for pharyngitis.
Chronic pharyngitis may not be an independent disease, but a manifestation of chronic gastritis, cholecystitis, pancreatitis and other gastrointestinal pathologies. With gastroesophageal reflux disease, for example, acidic gastric contents often enter the throat during sleep, which causes the development of chronic catarrhal pharyngitis . Until the underlying cause of the disease is eliminated, local treatment in this case will not produce results.
Reasons for the development of the disease
Common causes of pharyngitis are inhalation of cold or polluted air, exposure to chemical irritants (alcohol, tobacco).
Infectious pharyngitis can be caused by various microbes (strepto-, staphylo-, pneumococci), viruses (influenza, adenovirus) and fungi (candida). The disease can also develop as a result of the spread of infection from a nearby source of inflammation (for example, sinusitis, rhinitis, dental caries).
Difficulty in nasal breathing and overuse of vasoconstrictor drops can also cause pharyngitis.
Symptoms of pharyngitis may be present with the so-called postnasal syndrome (the English term is “postnasal drip”), when the constant flow of pathological secretion from the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses along the back wall of the pharynx causes discomfort and a sore throat. This condition may be accompanied by wheezing, so it is necessary to carry out a differential diagnosis with bronchial asthma.
Pharyngitis in children
Pharyngitis in children is easy to recognize. Symptoms of pharyngitis in children may be as follows. The child complains of scratching and sore throat, it is difficult for him to swallow, and he coughs. The back wall of the throat is red, covered in small tubercles, but the tonsils on both sides of the tongue are in normal condition, pink and clean. With pharyngitis, the child experiences weakness, headache and sore throat, lack of appetite, and difficulty swallowing.
Acute pharyngitis is more common in children and adolescents. Typically, acute pharyngitis occurs against the background of colds.
Treatment of pharyngitis in children
How to treat pharyngitis in children? Before starting treatment, you need to establish the cause of the disease. Then remove too hot and cold foods, cold drinks (especially soda) from the child’s diet, and refrain from spicy, salty and solid foods.
You can apply warm compresses to the neck, warm the child’s feet, drink warm milk with honey and butter. Gargle with a decoction of chamomile, oak bark and other anti-inflammatory herbs.