A replacement plate after the removal of a baby tooth is used by pediatric orthodontists to preserve space for a permanent tooth. The design can be removable or non-removable - it is selected taking into account the number of missing units and their position in the jaw. Holding a place helps to avoid malocclusion, impaired speech functions, and degradation of bone tissue. The product is recommended for wearing by children over 3 years old and is made strictly according to impressions of the young patient’s teeth.
A replacement plate is an orthodontic structure that provides artificial teeth to temporarily replace removed or early lost milk units. The purpose of the product is to preserve the unexpectedly vacated space in the jaw until the permanent tooth erupts, to avoid functional disorders due to displacement of adjacent units and shortening of the dentition.
Advantages and disadvantages
The indisputable advantage of an orthodontic ring is the ability to install it on fixed dentures or implants, as well as on a significantly damaged coronal part of the tooth. Braces cannot be attached to an artificial crown or implanted tooth, so rings are a solution to the problem.
Other advantages of orthodontic rings with braces:
- there is no need to remove “extra” healthy teeth, which is especially important in case of overcrowding;
- during the installation process and after it, the mucous membranes of the mouth are not injured, making adaptation to the system much easier;
- the ultra-thin product easily fits into the interdental spaces and is easily placed in the right place;
- Before installation, the doctor administers anesthesia, so there is no pain, only mild discomfort is possible;
- The size of the gaps formed between the teeth is strictly controlled.
Flaws:
- preparing and fixing the bandage takes quite a lot of time and is done over several visits to the doctor;
- the risk of accumulation of food plaque on a “ringed” tooth increases;
- sometimes complications arise in the form of increased tooth sensitivity, gum inflammation and pulp necrosis - death of the neurovascular bundle;
- the likelihood of demineralization of tooth enamel increases.
Installation
The inner surface of the ring has grooves that increase the adhesion strength to dental glue. On the outside of the ring there is a bracket with two grooves and a hook. For each dental unit there is a separate element, on which there is a corresponding marking with the size.
The crowns are attached using dental adhesive (cement), which seals the small gap between the unit and the steel wall of the device. When the procedure is carried out correctly, patients’ teeth are reliably protected from external factors.
Orthodontic crowns have fundamental differences from crowns used in dental prosthetics. When installing them, there is no need to grind teeth, prepare enamel or other operations that cause inconvenience and discomfort.
Advantages
The advantages of installing orthodontic rings have been noted by both orthodontists and patients:
1. When any of the braces plates come off, treatment slows down. This is due to the fact that the dental unit, not restrained by anything, moves in the wrong direction. In this case, the treatment steps will need to be repeated. When installing crowns, the likelihood of the plates coming off is reduced.
2. It is more difficult for a patient with braces to take care of the oral cavity. The doctor is especially concerned about the hygiene of chewing teeth. When installing crowns, the units will be protected from external influences and the risk of caries.
3. If it is necessary to install corrective structures outside the oral cavity (for example, a face bow), orthodontic rings are elements of its fastening. Thanks to the strong fastening and a special groove, the external device is installed securely.
Flaws
In addition to the time spent on additional manipulations, orthodontic crowns have the following disadvantages:
– after removing the elements, gaps remain between the teeth, which do not always close on their own. It is necessary to take additional measures to eliminate three;
– if the size is not selected correctly or the ring is not fitted professionally, dental diseases are likely, including inflammation of the periodontium and tooth;
– while wearing separation rings, they may penetrate into the gum tissue. The number of installed elements should be controlled by the dentist.
Ainsworth's device
Mechanical orthodontic device.
general characteristics
It is a non-removable arc device. The design includes rings or crowns, a tangent wire, vertical tubes that perform a supporting function, and a spring arch.
Operating principle
The main role in this device is given to the arc. It is bent in such a way as to follow the line of the dentition.
The action of the design is based on the tendency of the arch to its original shape, as a result of which all the teeth attached to the components of the device shift behind it. The strength is adjusted by a doctor.
Indications for installation
"Ainsworth" has versatility in application and can be used to solve most problems associated with bite.
Manufacturing and fastening process
The manufacturing procedure is based on a number of steps:
- preparing a plaster cast of the jaw;
- making a plaster model, tubes and wire;
- fitting, finishing and connecting elements, their installation on a plaster model;
- arc manufacturing;
- installation of the finished structure.
Before installing the device, you need to remove plaque and tartar.
Therapy process
For treatment to be effective, you must follow all the requirements and recommendations of the doctor.
The duration of the adaptation period ranges from 1 week to 1 month. At this time, it is important not to eat foods that contribute to painful sensations, to carefully care for the oral cavity, to use soothing and disinfecting decoctions, painkillers prescribed by a doctor.
In addition, you need to be monitored by a doctor approximately once a week.
Advantages and disadvantages
The Ainsworth arc is characterized by reliability, individual model for each patient, guaranteed results, constant medical supervision, and variability of action.
The disadvantages of using it are that the device is quite noticeable, requires a long time to get used to, complex care, a long preparation process, and the possibility of a doctor making a mistake cannot be ruled out.
Quite effective in correcting most dental pathologies. Has precise impact.
Treatment price
The cost of installation, services for weekly monitoring and subsequent removal averages from 10 to 15 thousand rubles.
Stages of treatment
The first stage is preparation for orthodontic treatment. Preparation includes x-ray diagnostics, sanitation of the oral cavity and removal of the required number of teeth.
The second stage involves fixing the structure. An initial thin arch with a round cross-section profile is installed. Further in the treatment process, the doctor changes the arcs from a smaller cross-sectional diameter to a larger one. At the final stages, rectangular rigid arches are used.
On average, it is necessary to visit a doctor from once a month when treating with ligature models to once every 2-2.5 months when treating with self-ligating systems. At the end of the second stage of treatment, the doctor removes the braces using enamel-safe forceps. The remaining adhesive is removed from the surface of the teeth with a low-abrasive bur, and the tooth is polished with a brush using a polishing paste.
The third stage is the retention period. The results of orthodontic treatment are stabilized with the help of permanent retainers and aligners.
The duration of treatment depends on the complexity of the anomaly being corrected, the individual anatomical characteristics of the patient and the professionalism of the orthodontist. The speed of tooth movement is influenced by the design of the brace: self-ligating systems can provide faster results in 1-2 years. Treatment with ligature models lasts on average 2 to 3 years.
Some dental anomalies are corrected using removable hard aligners. When treated with aligners, the patient is given a set of several rigid aligners that differ in shape. The patient changes the aligners independently every two weeks. Once every month and a half, the patient visits the orthodontist to assess the progress of treatment. Mouthguards are worn constantly: the device is removed only when eating and brushing teeth.
Space holder for children's bite: types and designs
Pediatric orthodontists at Aza&Buka dentistry select a tooth space holder based on the specific clinical situation. Main options:
Replacement plate - a plate with artificial teeth to replace missing milk units. Completely restores the functions of the jaw row, maintains the bite, and helps the permanent units to erupt in a timely manner due to the correct pressure on the bone tissue. Replacement plates are adjusted to suit the child’s changing bite - as the jaw grows, until the appearance of missing permanent teeth. The product is removable and is attached with metal or plastic hooks to adjacent teeth.- A two-jaw removable functional appliance is a design for solving several orthodontic problems. Artificial teeth replace the removed units, and the relative position of the dental arches is responsible for the harmonious overlap of the lower teeth with the upper ones.
- A place retainer is a non-removable orthodontic product. A rigid metal ring fences off the area where the permanent tooth will erupt and prevents the mobility of neighboring units. Once the molar begins to grow, the holder is removed, allowing the permanent unit to take its place. The design is excellent for replacing a first or second molar. It is placed mainly in “invisible” zones.
How is the appointment going?
Plates with artificial teeth for children are produced in several stages:
- Examination by a pediatric orthodontist
The doctor will evaluate the condition of the teeth, the characteristics of the bite, and the prospects for the eruption of the molars. He will refer you for a detailed examination - x-ray, optg.
- Preparing the child's mouth
Before the manufacture and installation of an orthodontic holder, the baby’s teeth will be treated and impressions will be taken to prepare a replacement structure.
- Making and installing a record
When fixing the product in the oral cavity, doctors focus on the convenience and comfort of the young patient. The seat retainer should not rub the gums or interfere with speech or eating.
- Care training and questions answered
An orthodontic replacement plate requires systematic cleaning, which the doctor will tell the child and his parents about. The specialist will also answer all questions about the duration and importance of treatment.
Characteristic disadvantages of orthodontic crowns
The obvious disadvantages associated with fixing braces with metal rings include two factors:
- The complexity of the procedure, which takes a lot of time and effort, and requires effort from both the dentist and the patient;
- Formation of interdental gaps (three) after the rings are removed from the aligned elements of the dentition.
The invention of modern composite compositions, which guarantee high adhesion strength to the surface even with a minimal base area, has made it possible to get rid of such shortcomings. Today, all types of braces are fixed with orthodontic cement, however, when adjusting the chewing units, the use of ring fastenings is still allowed.
Why do patients trust Aza&Buka dentistry?
When carrying out orthodontic treatment, Aza&Buka Pediatric Dentistry focuses on the most modern protocols and selects correction methods that are optimal for the child. For patients and their parents this means:
- Professionalism of doctors. Pediatric orthodontists will conduct a full diagnosis, explain whether a plate is placed on baby teeth if only one unit is missing, and choose the optimal treatment regimen to preserve the bite.
- Making the device from casts. To ensure that the space retainer accurately matches the child's bite, the doctor will take impressions, create a plaster model, and order a dental laboratory to make a replacement plate exactly for the child's baby teeth.
- The ability to find an approach to each child. Removable orthodontic plates are prescribed to be worn almost constantly. Children often sabotage this moment. After communicating with Aza&Buka orthodontists, the children themselves ensure that the plate is in their mouth - they do not become capricious and do not argue with their parents.
Herbst's proofreader
Refers to non-removable orthocorrectors.
general characteristics
The Herbst apparatus has a complex design. The main purpose is to correct severe malocclusions.
The orthosystem consists of supporting crowns and two hinged beams.
Operating principle
The action of the device is based on the fact that the lower jaw is gradually moved forward as a result of its constant forced tension. It is characterized by the speed of action.
Indications for installation
Designed for the treatment of first class distal occlusion.
Preparation and fastening
Before installation, detailed preparation of the teeth is necessary. It is necessary to cure problematic molars, replace old and unreliable fillings.
Then comes the stage of taking impressions of the jaws and sending them to craftsmen to make the device.
Treatment process
The orthodevice has a constant, continuous effect, contributing to the achievement of a guaranteed, positive and fairly quick result, the ability to accurately predict the results of use, and rapid addiction.
The main disadvantages are the presence of bulkiness and poor aesthetics.
Price
The final cost of the device is influenced by its type. Therefore, the price can vary from 4,500 to 30,000 rubles.
Basic rules for fixing separating rings
To securely fix the separating rings on the teeth, it is necessary to adhere to some rules, namely:
- It is necessary to maintain a certain interval between the occlusal edge of the molar and the middle line of the lock groove. For the 1st upper molar it should be 4 mm.
- The lower edge of the bandage and the chewing surface of the molar should be parallel.
- There should be no obstacles to the teeth closing.
You can buy separation rings to correct your bite on our website. Also, it is worth noting that delivery of separation rings throughout Moscow is absolutely free, but provided that the order amount is more than 5 thousand rubles. This is possible when purchasing separation rings in bulk, or in addition to other orthodontic products.
Product of Derichsweiler or Nord
The Derichsweiler apparatus is a non-removable screw orthodontic system that has a mechanical effect. Its design includes a plate in which crowns or rings are secured, and a screw.
In some cases, various springs and levers are also included in the design.
Preparatory stage and installation
The manufacturing process includes the following steps:
- obtaining a plaster model of the jaw;
- production of supporting elements;
- checking and taking impressions;
- re-production of a plaster model based on an impression;
- modeling of the palatal base, strengthening of metal reinforcement and screw;
- installation.
It is highly effective in the treatment of certain pathologies.
Advantages of the technique
A properly selected crown, fixed with dental cement, reliably blocks access to the base from the outside. This means that tooth enamel is protected from pathogenic bacteria and microbes that provoke the development of caries and other diseases. In addition, dentists note a number of positive aspects, including:
- Reducing the duration of correction due to the absence of the likelihood of individual braces coming off;
- Easy to maintain oral hygiene;
- Ability to use extraoral appliances, including a facebow.
After completion of orthodontic treatment, the orthodontic ring is removed, and the patient is given a date to visit an orthopedic dentist to make an artificial crown for the already treated tooth.
Fixing elements of orthodontic devices
Golovko Nonna Vasilievna , Associate Professor of the Department of Propaedeutics, Orthopedic Dentistry and Orthodontics of the Ukrainian Medical Dental Academy.
Fixation is the strengthening of the orthodontic apparatus or denture on the jaw in static conditions, and stabilization is the stability of the orthodontic apparatus or denture during functions (speech, chewing, swallowing).
One of the most common methods of fixing removable orthodontic appliances and dentures is the use of fixing devices, which include:
- Clasps.
- Crowns or rings.
- Mouthguards.
- Combined fixation according to M.A. Napadov (dentoalveolar or dentogingival).
A clasp (from German – klammer – hook) is a special device that is designed for attaching the base of a removable orthodontic appliance or denture to the teeth.
Clasps are classified as follows:
I. By location: dental, gingival (pelota), dentogingival;
- Clasps using the subequator tooth space: - single-arm round bent clasp,
- - Jackson flip clasp,
- - Duisings clasp,
- - Adams clasp,
- - frame clasp,
- - tape clasp.
- - Schwartz arrow-shaped clasp,
II. According to the nature of contact between the clasp arm and the tooth crown:
- Group 1 – clasps with a plane contact of the shoulder to the tooth crown (bent and cast tape clasps). Clasps of this group have a large surface of contact with the crown of the tooth and sometimes lead to abrasion of the enamel and make it difficult for the teeth to self-clean from food debris, which can lead to the development of caries. They are also imperfect from an aesthetic point of view. The fixing effect is achieved by increasing the plane of contact of the clasp arm to the tooth and the force of its pressing. However, the latter increases the load on the supporting tooth.
- Group 2 – clasps with a linear contact of the shoulder to the tooth crown. This group consists of the following clasps: round single-arm bent clasp, Jackson flip clasp, Duisings clasp, frame clasp and others. Such clasps have sufficient elasticity because they are bent from round elastic orthodontic wire. The improvement in the fixing effect in the Jackson reversible clasp and the Duisings clasp in comparison with the round single-arm bent one is explained by the increase in the area of contact between the shoulder and the body of the clasp to the tooth. They are less noticeable to others.
- Group 3 – clasps with a point contact to the tooth crown. This group consists of the following clasps: button, spear-shaped, hook-shaped, arrow-shaped Schwartz and Adams clasp. They have greater elasticity because they are bent from thinner orthodontic wire. These clasp designs optimally solve basic problems and provide fixation of removable orthodontic appliances and dentures. They are hardly noticeable.
In comparison with clasps of groups 1 and 2, clasps of group 3 minimally injure the tooth enamel, since they contact the tooth surface pointwise, that is, over a small area.
III. Shape: (round, semicircular, flat or ribbon).
IV. By manufacturing method: (bent and cast).
V. According to the degree of coverage of a tooth or several teeth: (single-armed, double-armed, ring-shaped or reversible, double and multi-linked).
VI. By function: (retaining and support-retaining). Retaining clasps are intended exclusively for fixing removable orthodontic appliances and dentures. With these types of clasp fixation, the vertical chewing load is completely transmitted through the base to the mucous membrane. Support-retaining clasps of clasp dentures and orthodontic clasp appliances not only fix, but also make it possible to distribute the chewing load between the mucous membrane of the prosthetic bed and the periodontium of the supporting teeth.
VII. According to the material from which the clasps are made: steel, gold, plastic.
VIII. According to the method of connection with the base or in relation to the body and shoulder of the clasp: rigid or stable, springy or semi-labile, articular or labile.
IX. Depending on the number of teeth used for fixation: point fixation - use of 1 single-arm clasp, linear - use of two single-arm clasps, planar - use of more than 3 single-arm clasps.
Retaining clasps, which are most widely used in orthodontic practice, consist of a shoulder, a body and a process.
The clasp arm is its elastic part, which covers the crown of the abutment tooth. Its location is determined by the anatomical shape of the tooth. In practical dentistry, it is customary to divide the surface of the tooth crown into 2 parts: occlusal and cervical. The boundary between them is the equator, that is, the line that runs along the most convex part of the tooth. The clasp arm provides fixation of a removable orthodontic appliance or denture. Crossing the belt of the supporting tooth, it is tightly pressed against the gingival part, which has the smallest diameter.
When making the arm of a retaining clasp, you must remember the following requirements:
- The shoulder should cover the tooth from the labial or buccal side, located directly behind the line of greatest convexity, that is, between the equator and the gum.
- The clasp arm, round or flat, should touch the tooth surface at as many points as possible. The fit at only one point leads to a sharp increase in pressure during movements of the base of the prosthesis or apparatus and leads to abrasion of the enamel.
- The shoulder should be elastic when the base shifts. Not all clasps have this quality. Wire clasps are the most elastic, cast ones are less flexible. Unlike bent wire clasps, cast clasps more accurately follow the relief of the tooth surface.
- The shoulder should be passive, that is, not transfer pressure to the supporting tooth.
- The shoulder must be rounded and polished to prevent injury to the buccal mucosa.
The clasp body is its stationary part, which is located above the equator of the abutment tooth on its contact side. It should not be placed below the equator (near the neck of the tooth), since in such cases the clasp interferes with the application of the prosthesis or orthodontic apparatus. On the front teeth, from an aesthetic point of view, this rule can be abandoned by placing the body of the clasp closer to the gingival margin.
The clasp extension is designed for attaching the clasp to the base of a prosthesis or orthodontic apparatus. It should be 0.5-0.7 mm away from the mucous membrane.
The clasps are placed in the orthodontic appliance or denture in such a way that they do not interfere with the rotation of the base.
Clasp fixation is called point fixation if it is located in one area (on one tooth). Fixation in which the clasps can be connected by a line is called linear. The location of the clasps at three or more points allows them to be combined along a plane, which is why such fixation is called planar. This type of fixation is more reliable. The reliability of fixation depends not only on the number of clasp points, but also on their relative position in relation to the midline of the alveolar arch. The conditional line that connects 2 clasps is called a clasp line. It can cross the midline of the alveolar process at an angle that is close to straight; cross it diagonally or run parallel to it on one or both sides. Thus, clasp lines can have a transversal, diagonal or sagittal direction.
To fix a removable orthodontic appliance or prosthesis on the lower jaw, it is advisable to place the clasps along the transversal, as they will counterbalance the lifting of the base by the muscles of the tongue and floor of the mouth.
To fix a removable orthodontic appliance or prosthesis on the upper jaw, it is better to use a diagonal arrangement of clasps, since the diagonal clasp line crosses the midline of the alveolar process and the fixing effect of the clasps extends to both halves of the prosthesis.
The choice of fixing elements depends on:
- presence of teeth and interdental contacts,
- group affiliation of the tooth,
- tooth crown height,
- expressiveness of the equator,
- presence (severity) of the vestibular subequatorial space,
- depth of the vestibule of the oral cavity,
- the presence of space between the upper and lower teeth in a state of central occlusion.
Single-arm round bent clasp:
It is the easiest to manufacture and ensures good stability of the apparatus if it is placed taking into account the direction of the acting forces and is manufactured in sufficient quantity. The choice of abutment teeth is associated with the location of the clasp lines.
Place a single-arm round curved clasp on the lateral teeth (2-3 on each side of the dentition). It is bent from orthodontic wire with a diameter of 0.6-0.8 mm (0.6 mm wire for temporary teeth, and 0.8 mm for permanent teeth). It covers the tooth in the subequatorial space. If it is made on the last distally located tooth, then it should not cross the interdental occlusal space.
A single-arm round bent clasp consists of a shoulder that covers the tooth from the vestibular side; body - the middle, or elastic part, which connects the clasp arm with the process and the process, which is welded into the base of the orthodontic apparatus or denture.
Such a clasp covers the tooth only on one side and performs only the function of holding. Since the clasp is firmly fixed in the base, its shoulder has a constant elastic action.
The clasp on the tooth is placed strictly in relation to the equator. On the teeth of the upper jaw, the clasp arm is located above the equator, on the teeth of the lower jaw - below, which ensures that the arm slides along the convexity of the tooth crown when fixing the apparatus. The height of the clasp should be determined taking into account the closure of the dentition so that it does not interfere with the movements of the lower jaw. The larger the elastic part of the clasp, the more elastic it is and the less harmful the effect it has on the supporting tooth.
A single-arm round bent clasp can be made elongated and cover the tooth located in front. But this does not lead to a significant improvement in the retention effect.
If it is necessary to use both a plate apparatus and rings on molars with locks and tubes to fix extraoral traction, a single-arm clasp is located under the lock and tube.
If there are defects in the dentition, it is possible to manufacture a round, double-armed clasp, in which one arm covers the tooth from the vestibular surface, and the other from the oral surface. Both shoulders are united using a body, which is placed in the area of the defect. It is advisable to use such a clasp design in the manufacture of removable orthodontic appliances, which also perform the function of replacing dentition defects.
Such a clasp can be bent from one piece of wire with a diameter of 0.6 mm or made up of two single-arm clasps.
Ear-shaped clasp - also bent according to the principle of making a single-arm round bent clasp, but at the end of the shoulder there is a curve in the form of an auricle. The ear-shaped clasp can be made multi-link.
The Jackson flip-over clasp has two bodies and two branches. This type of clasp is called combined due to the creation of elements of resistance and the transfer of pressure to the crowns of the teeth. To make a clasp, orthodontic wire with a diameter of 0.8-1.0 mm is used.
The Duisings clasp (Fig. 17) has 2 semicircular bends on the shoulder, which enhances its elasticity, elastic properties and fixation. For its manufacture, orthodontic wire with a diameter of 0.5-0.6 mm is used.
A necessary condition for using the Duisings clasp is a sufficient height of the crowns of permanent teeth.
Rice. 17. Duisings clasp.
The frame clasp differs from the designs described above in that its shoulder covers a group of teeth. The retaining part – the frame – is placed on the vestibular surface of the lateral teeth. It presses the teeth against the base of the apparatus and does not slide on the latter, since the equator of the supporting teeth prevents this. The part of the frame that is located in the area of the alveolar process should lag behind the mucous membrane by 0.5 mm and not reach the transitional fold.
Frame clasps are indicated during the period of teeth change. The loss of a temporary tooth does not weaken the fixation of the device, since the clasp rests on several teeth. Frame clasps are convenient in cases where the equator of primary teeth is well defined.
Tape clasps are rarely used in the manufacture of orthodontic structures, mainly for retention of the location of anterior teeth after their rotation around an axis or mesio-distal movement. In the latter case, the clasp on the vestibular surface of the tooth is shortened and left in the form of a barely noticeable paw. To make a tape clasp, use a flat steel tape 1.5-2 mm wide and 0.3-0.4 mm thick. It can also be made from round orthodontic wire with a diameter of 0.9-1.0 mm, if it is flattened using rollers or a hammer. The clasp is placed between the teeth, so in some cases it is necessary to engrave plaster teeth on the model.
Button clasp - made from standard orthodontic wire blanks with a diameter of 0.6 to 1.0 mm, at the end of which there is a drop-shaped extension. It is used in the presence of tight contacts of adjacent teeth. The button (drop), that is, the holding part of the clasp, is placed between the teeth (Fig. 20.1).
Rice. 20. Button clasp – 1, spear-shaped and diamond-shaped (frame) clasp – 2.
Spear-shaped clasp - also made from standard orthodontic wire blanks with a diameter of 0.7 mm, at the end of which there is a spear-shaped thickening. The clasp provides reliable fixation of the orthodontic apparatus (Fig. 20.2).
The Schwartz arrow-shaped clasp is made as one- or two-link. It is bent from orthodontic wire with a diameter of 0.6 mm. It is quite elastic and fits well into the interdental spaces (Fig. 21.1)
Rice. 21. Schwartz arrow-shaped clasp.
It is possible to manufacture a multi-link arrow-shaped Schwartz clasp (Fig. 21.2). First, the arrows are bent, their shoulders are connected, and then the body and shoots are made. If the use of an intermaxillary rubber traction is indicated, then on the medial shoulder the hook is bent, directed forward, and on the distal shoulder, backward. It is possible to connect arrow-shaped clasps with periodontal pads.
Triangular double-arm clasp - similar to the Schwartz clasp, but more convenient to manufacture. In this case, the arrow-shaped part is replaced with a triangular one.
The Adams clasp is the most versatile and effective. It is used both on single teeth and on teeth that are located in the dentition. This clasp belongs to the group of clasps with a point contact of the shoulder to the surface of the tooth crown. This arrangement of the clasp on the vestibular surface of the tooth crown in its cervical area ensures reliable fixation of the device. Clasps press the teeth against the base of the orthodontic apparatus and prevent the abutment teeth from deflecting and rotating around their axis. They are placed on the first temporary molars or premolars and the first permanent molars.
The body of the clasp should be located above the contact point in the recess between adjacent teeth, crossing the dentition. There are several types of Adams clasps: single, with one fixing protrusion, double (usually made for central incisors, with a hook for intermaxillary traction, with soldered horizontal tubes for the face bow, with processes, etc.
Loop-shaped clasp - made in the same way as a regular round bent clasp, but one loop measuring 3-4 mm is made at the end of the arm.
Triangular clasp - its fixing edge has a triangular shape with sides 5 mm long, converging at an angle of 600 (Fig. 23).
Rice. 23. Triangular clasp
Other types of fixation
Dentoalveolar or dentogingival fixation according to M.A. Napadovu is combined, as it consists of a wire frame and plastic shields located on the alveolar processes.
Fixation according to M.A. It is convenient for Napadov because various auxiliary elements can be placed in plastic pelots (hooks for traction, tubes for the Engle sliding arc, tubes for the face arc, etc.); it holds and stabilizes the orthodontic apparatus based on the teeth and alveolar processes.
Difficulties in applying the device with fixation according to M.A. Napadova occur in the presence of teeth with a well-defined equator.
Mouthguards made of plastic or metal are also used as fixing elements. Such a mouthguard should cover the crowns of the supporting teeth, but not injure the gingival margin and interdental papillae.
Plastic mouth guards. More often, two temporary molars on each side of the jaw are covered with a mouthguard. The thickness of the mouthguard on the occlusal surface should ensure separation of the bite on the front teeth with the elimination of their reverse overlap in the case of a mesial bite, or be equal to 2-3 mm in case of an open bite.
Metal mouthguards. If a mouth guard is needed for a larger number of teeth, it can be made from individual links (3-4 teeth each) and connected by soldering. According to indications, the mouthguard can be made from metal alloys by casting.
Crowns are widely used for fixation of fixed orthodontic appliances, as well as for bite separation. Orthodontic crowns are made from ordinary or thin-walled metal sleeves (0.15-0.18 mm thick) according to generally accepted rules.
, rings are used more often than metal crowns. They do not separate the bite, allow you to monitor the condition of the teeth being moved, and are also more aesthetically pleasing and easier to remove than crowns. Recently, standard ring blanks have been used more often. Locking devices, tubes of different diameters and different cross-sectional shapes, stops, etc. are welded to the rings.
Katz bite block
The orthodontic corrector is presented in the form of a removable plate intended for use on the upper jaw. The design consists of a plastic inclined plane and ribbon reversible clasps.
The action of the device is as follows: the lower front teeth are deflected at the moment when they come into contact with the inclined plane, then they are partially immersed in the alveolus.
The use of a Katz plate is indicated when it is necessary to eliminate distal occlusion.
Thus, orthodontic devices are represented by a large number of models, each of which is characterized by its own functions and principles of operation and is aimed at solving problems of any degree of complexity.
Before choosing a device, you must familiarize yourself with all the indications and contraindications for its use in order to prevent the occurrence of severe complications. A wide range allows you to choose the most suitable device in terms of functionality and cost.
What is it used for?
Orthodontic rings for teeth are placed in case of severe malocclusions, when increased reliability of fixation is required. They stay on the teeth much better than braces, which allows you to slightly expand your diet. But the main thing is that when the bracket comes off or chips, the healing process is actually interrupted, and as a result, the correction takes more time.
Rings are installed only according to indications, so they are not installed unless necessary. The exception is when braces often come off or are damaged mechanically. An orthodontic ring will add additional strength to the brace system and reduce the risk of breakage.
Important!
Iron bands are placed in posterior teeth due to excellent visual access. That is, if caries or other diseases develop, the doctor will see this, which cannot be said about incisors or canines. It is impossible to determine that the tooth has begun to decay until the metal ring is removed. This is precisely its main drawback.
Historical reference
The most famous device used in orthodontics is braces. However, separation rings began to be used much earlier, at the beginning of the last century, and for several decades remained a priority correction option. Their installation made it possible to forcibly change the position of molars or premolars, restoring the functionality and aesthetics of the dentition.
From a technical point of view, the first models of devices resembled artificial crowns, the dimensions of which were changed using a screw-like mechanism. The design was supplemented by guide elements, which were clasps and tubes through which a rubber rod was passed, exerting the necessary pressure on the teeth. However, the duration of such treatment was impossible to predict, as well as the resulting effect.
A breakthrough in technology was the possibility of creating crowns that replicate the anatomical structure and take into account the parameters of the elements of the dentition. It has become possible to install fixed structures on the entire jaw, fixing them with forceps and sealing the seam from the lingual side. However, this technique caused patients significant discomfort, associated both with the inconvenience of installation and with long adaptation after it. The situation improved slightly with the advent of composite material, but the inability to fully close the jaws continued to be the main complaint about such devices. The logical solution was to remove the upper part of the crowns, as a result of which their shape began to resemble rings, and patients were able to perform their usual chewing actions.
Modern separation rings are an element included in the structure of braces, placed on certain elements of the dentition.
Preparation
Installation of orthodontic bands will require at least two visits to the dentist. To fit a crown onto a tooth, it is necessary to create a small space between the units. It is formed by wearing rubber separation rings.
When inserted into the space between the teeth, the elastic material of the ring becomes denser. Over time, due to the physical characteristics of rubber, the thickness of the ring is gradually restored, pushing the dental units apart.
Spacer rings are placed between the tooth requiring adjustment and adjacent units. After a week of wearing, the distance between them will be sufficient for rings or crowns with a thickness of 0.2 mm.
When installing intracavitary braces, separators are not used.
